chapter 10 anti-acne products

Question 1

acne: men vs women

Answer 1

men: 16-19 y.o., more severe, long-lasting
women: 14-17 y.o., intermittent acne (due to cosmetics + hormonal changes associated with menstrual cycle)

Question 2

which parts of the body do acne develop? (7)

Answer 2

areas where seb. glands are most numerous

face
scalp
neck
chest
back
upper arms
shoulders

Question 3

why does acne occur? (2)

Answer 3

acne occurs due to

1. increased sebum production and
2. abnormal keratinisation

Question 4

process of formation of acne (4)

Answer 4

1. sebum trapped within hair follicle
2. horn cells are stuck rather than fall off
3. horny layer thickens
4. duct is blocked

Question 5

basic factors for development of acne (4)

Answer 5

1. hormones (androgens)
2. increased sebum production
3. changes inside follicle
4. bacteria

Question 6

treatment approaches for acne (3)

Answer 6

1. reduce sebum production
2. normalise shedding of skin cells or unplug clogged pores
3. reduce P. acnes bacteria

Question 7

why cannot target hormones (androgens) to treat acne w cosmetics ?

Answer 7

not applicable bc cosmetics cannot affect bodily function

Question 8

how do BHAs like salicylic acid treat acne (approach)

Answer 8

1. reduce sebum production
2. normalise the shedding of skin cells or unplug clogged pores
3. reduces P. acnes bacteria

Question 9

how do OTC drug products like benzoyl peroxide and sulphur treat acne?

Answer 9

1. reduce sebum production

2. reduce P. acnes bacteria

Question 10

how does niacinamide treat acne

Answer 10

1. reduce sebum production

2. reduces P. acnes

Question 11

how does glycolic acid (AHA) treat acne

Answer 11

normalise shedding of skin cells or unplug clogged pores

Question 12

how do lactic acid (AHA) and its derivatives treat acne

Answer 12

lactic acid

1. normalise shedding of skin cells or unplug clogged pores
2. reduce P. acnes

sodium lactate (derivative)
- reduce P. acnes

zinc lactate (derivative)
- reduce sebum production

Question 13

how do zinc gluconate and zinc PCA treat acne

Answer 13

reduce sebum production

Question 14

ingredients that reduce sebum production (7)

Answer 14

● salicylic acid
● zinc lactate
● zinc gluconate
● zinc PCA (zinc salt of L-PCA)
● niacinamide
● benzoyl peroxide
● sulphur

Question 15

ingredients that normalise shedding of skin cells or unplug clogged pores (3)

Answer 15

● BHA (salicylic acid)
● AHA (glycolic acid, lactic acid)
● retinoic acid eg. tretinoin (by doctors only)

Question 16

ingredients that reduce P. acnes bacteria (7)

Answer 16

● triclosan
● tea tree oil
● salicylic acid
● lactic acid and its derivatives
● niacinamide
● benzoyl peroxide
● sulphur