Chapter 10 and 11

Question 1

Dynamic process

Answer 1

Populations grow and decline based on biotic and abiotic factors
Ex. Phytoplankton
-increased availability of sunlight and abundance of nutrients from spring turneover events int he spring caused population ot increase while decreased availabity of sunlight and increases dcompetiton of nutrients int he fall causes population ot decrease

Question 2

Immigration

Answer 2

Rate of movement into an area

Question 3

Emigration

Answer 3

Rate of movement out of an area

Question 4

Dispersal methods

Answer 4

-immigration and emigration

Question 5

Dispersal is affected by 4 factors

Answer 5

1. Disturbance
2. predators
3. Prey density
4. Climate change

Question 6

Predator/prey interactions as affecting dispersal

Answer 6

As density decreases predators will move to where their is more prey

Question 7

Patterns of survival

Answer 7

1. Type 1
2. Type 2
3. Type 3

Question 8

Type one

Answer 8

-low mortality at a low age
-high mortality at a high age
-looks like a hump
Ex. Human

Question 9

Type 2

Answer 9

-Equal likelyhood of survival regardless of age
- looks like a line with a negative slope
Ex. Hydra

Question 10

Type 3

Answer 10

• low survival at early age
  -high survival at higher ages
  -looks like an L
  Ex: oysters

Question 11

3 major ways of estimating patterns of survival

Answer 11

1. Cohort life table
2. Static life table
3. Age distribution

Question 12

Cohort life table

Answer 12

• follow a cohort and keep a record form birth to death
• most reliable method
• hardest to do

Question 13

Cohort

Answer 13

-a group of individuals born at the same time

Question 14

Static life table

Answer 14

-record age and death of a large number of individuals(that can be born at differnt times)

Question 15

Age distribution

Answer 15

-consists of the porportion of individuals of differnt ages within a population
-assumed only mortality(not immigration, or emigration) is affecting population structure
(not usually the case)

Question 16

3 type of population growth

Answer 16

1. Geometric
2. Exponential
3. Logistic

Question 17

Geometric

Answer 17

-resources are abundant or unlimited and age pyramid looks like a triangle

Question 18

Exponential

Answer 18

Resources are abundant or unlimited

-looked like tall rectangle

Question 19

Logistic

Answer 19

• resources are limited

- looks like an upside down triangle

Question 20

Geometric growth

Answer 20

-growth of a population with pulsed reproduction and grows at discrete intervals
Ex. Grasshoppers

Question 21

Exponential growth

Answer 21

• continuous population growth due to unlimited resources

- generally can occur when population densities are low

Question 22

Exponential growth is important to populations during 2 main events

Answer 22

1. Process of establishment

2. Process of recovery

Question 23

K in logistic growth

Answer 23

• carry capacity: the number of individuals than an environment can support
• birth rate= death rate

Question 24

Density dependent factors and examples

Answer 24

-factors that depend on population size 
Exs. At high populations 
-increased predators of disease 
- increased starvation
-increase attraction ot predators

Question 25

Density independent factors and examples

Answer 25

-factors tha affect population size regardless of the population size 
Ex:
-natural disasters
-volcanic eruptions
-droughts or floods
-hurricanes 
-rainfall 
-Sunlight
Etc.