Chapter 10 - Agriculture Flashcards

0
Q

Crop

A

Any plant cultivated by people

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1
Q

Agriculture

A

The deliberate modification of earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals, to obtain sustenance or economic gain.
•latin: Agricola=farmer

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2
Q

Seed Agriculture

A

Reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization.
•practiced by most farmers today

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3
Q

Vegetive Planting

A
Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants
EX:
Cutting stems/dividing roots
•earliest form of plant cultivation 
•
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4
Q

Prime Agricultural Land

A

The most productive farmland in a region

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5
Q

Subsistence Agriculture

A

Production of food to support farmer’s family.
(Found in LDC’s)
•tence- looks like tense, the farmers are tense because their crop yield determines whether their family will eat

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6
Q

Commercial Agriculture

A

Production of food for sale off the farm.

Found in MDC’s

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7
Q

Slash and Burn Agriculture

A

Clearing land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning the debris.

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8
Q

Shifting Cultivation

A

Growing crops on a cleared field for a few years until soil loses its nutrients, then leaving for several years with no crops being planted there so the soil can recover.

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9
Q

Swidden

A

A clearing tht is created after an area is slashed and burned.

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10
Q

Pastoral Nomadism

A

A form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domestic animals.
Pastoral=”sheep herding”

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11
Q

Transhumance

A

Seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.
Trans=across

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12
Q

Pasture

A

Grass or other plants that feed grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.

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13
Q

INTENSIVE Subsistence Agriculture

A

“Intensive” - the farmers must work more intensely than usual to susist (survive) on a parcel of land.

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14
Q

Wet Rice Planting

A

Planting rice on dry land in a nursery and then moving the seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth.

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15
Q

Paddy

A

The Malay word for “wet rice”, spoken by Europeans and North Americans. Also known as “sawah” to Indonesians.

16
Q

Double Cropping

A

Alternating between wet rice in summer and wheat/barley grown in winter. Common in south China and Taiwan, where the winters are relatively warm.
•harvesting two crops in a given year

17
Q

Crop Rotation

A

Using different fields year to year to avoid exhausting soil quality.

18
Q

Plantation

A

Large farm specializing in one or two crops.

COTTON, SUGARCANE, COFFEE, RUBBER, TOBACCO, cocoa, bananas, tea, coconuts, palm oil

19
Q

Cereal Grain

A

A grass yielding grain for food.

•ex: oats, rye, wheat, or barely.

20
Q

Milkshed

A

Ring surrouding a city from which milk can be supplied.

21
Q

Grain

A

Seed from various grasses, like wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, millet, and more.

22
Q

Ranching

A

Commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area.

Usually where soil is too poor and climate too cold/dry to support crops

23
Q

Horticulture

A

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

24
Truck Farming
Farming of fruit and commercial gardening, mostly in S East US. ("Truck" is an Mid English word meaning "to barter")
25
Sustainable Agriculture
An agricultural practice that preserves and enhances environmental quality.
26
Ridge Tillage
Sytem where crops are planted on ridge tops.
27
Desertification
Human actions causing land to deteriorate into a desertlike condition, unsuitable for farming.
28
Green Revolution
Invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques (during 70's and 80's)