Chapter 10 - Agriculture

Question 0

Crop

Answer 0

Any plant cultivated by people

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

The deliberate modification of earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals, to obtain sustenance or economic gain.
•latin: Agricola=farmer

Question 2

Seed Agriculture

Answer 2

Reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization.
•practiced by most farmers today

Question 3

Vegetive Planting

Answer 3

Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants
EX:
Cutting stems/dividing roots
•earliest form of plant cultivation 
•

Question 4

Prime Agricultural Land

Answer 4

The most productive farmland in a region

Question 5

Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 5

Production of food to support farmer’s family.
(Found in LDC’s)
•tence- looks like tense, the farmers are tense because their crop yield determines whether their family will eat

Question 6

Commercial Agriculture

Answer 6

Production of food for sale off the farm.

Found in MDC’s

Question 7

Slash and Burn Agriculture

Answer 7

Clearing land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning the debris.

Question 8

Shifting Cultivation

Answer 8

Growing crops on a cleared field for a few years until soil loses its nutrients, then leaving for several years with no crops being planted there so the soil can recover.

Question 9

Swidden

Answer 9

A clearing tht is created after an area is slashed and burned.

Question 10

Pastoral Nomadism

Answer 10

A form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domestic animals.
Pastoral=”sheep herding”

Question 11

Transhumance

Answer 11

Seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.
Trans=across

Question 12

Pasture

Answer 12

Grass or other plants that feed grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.

Question 13

INTENSIVE Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 13

“Intensive” - the farmers must work more intensely than usual to susist (survive) on a parcel of land.

Question 14

Wet Rice Planting

Answer 14

Planting rice on dry land in a nursery and then moving the seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth.

Question 15

Paddy

Answer 15

The Malay word for “wet rice”, spoken by Europeans and North Americans. Also known as “sawah” to Indonesians.

Question 16

Double Cropping

Answer 16

Alternating between wet rice in summer and wheat/barley grown in winter. Common in south China and Taiwan, where the winters are relatively warm.
•harvesting two crops in a given year

Question 17

Crop Rotation

Answer 17

Using different fields year to year to avoid exhausting soil quality.

Question 18

Plantation

Answer 18

Large farm specializing in one or two crops.

COTTON, SUGARCANE, COFFEE, RUBBER, TOBACCO, cocoa, bananas, tea, coconuts, palm oil

Question 19

Cereal Grain

Answer 19

A grass yielding grain for food.

•ex: oats, rye, wheat, or barely.

Question 20

Milkshed

Answer 20

Ring surrouding a city from which milk can be supplied.

Question 21

Grain

Answer 21

Seed from various grasses, like wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, millet, and more.

Question 22

Ranching

Answer 22

Commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area.

Usually where soil is too poor and climate too cold/dry to support crops

Question 23

Horticulture

Answer 23

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

Question 24

Truck Farming

Answer 24

Farming of fruit and commercial gardening, mostly in S East US.

(“Truck” is an Mid English word meaning “to barter”)

Question 25

Sustainable Agriculture

Answer 25

An agricultural practice that preserves and enhances environmental quality.

Question 26

Ridge Tillage

Answer 26

Sytem where crops are planted on ridge tops.

Question 27

Desertification

Answer 27

Human actions causing land to deteriorate into a desertlike condition, unsuitable for farming.

Question 28

Green Revolution

Answer 28

Invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques (during 70’s and 80’s)