Chapter 10 Flashcards
Slips-of-the-tongue
errors in which sounds or entire words are arranged between two or more different words
Gestures
visible movements of any part of your body, which you use to communicate
Embodied cognition
emphasizes that people use their bodies to express their knowledge
Linearization problem
challenge of arranging words in an ordered, linear sequence
Prosody
the “melody” of the speech’s emphasis and rhythm
Discourse
language units that are larger than a sentence
Narrative
one category of discourse in which someone describes a series of actual or fictional events (conveyed in a time-related sequence and are often emotionally involving)
Pragmatics
focuses on the social rules and world knowledge that allow speakers to successfully communicate messages to other people
Common Ground
occurs when conversationalists share similar background knowledge, schemas, and perspectives that are necessary for mutual understanding
Directive
a sentence that asks someone to do something
Indirect request
uses subtle suggestions to resolve an interpersonal problem, rather than stating the request in a straightforward manner
Frame
our mental structures that simplify reality
Phonological loop
stores a limited number of sounds for a short period of time
Visuospatial sketchpad
processing both visual and spatial information
Central executive
integrates information from the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, and the episodic buffer
Prewriting
generating a list of ideas
Bilingual speaker
Someone who is fluent in two different languages
Multilingual speaker
someone who speaks more than two languages
Simultaneous bilingualism
learn two languages simultaneously during childhood
Sequential bilingualism
their native language is referred to as their first language, and the non-native language that they acquired is their second language
Metalinguistics
knowledge about the form and structure of language
Age of acquisition
the age at which you learned a second language
Critical period hypothesis
your ability to acquire a second language is strictly limited to a specific period of your life
Phonology
the sounds of a person’s speech
Translation
translating from text written in one language into a second written language
Interpreting
the process of changing from a spoken message in one language into a second spoken language
Name 3 types of slip-of-the-tongue
sound errors, morpheme errors, word erros
