Chapter 10

Question 1

Action potential

Answer 1

Sequence of changes in the membrane centration in the blood, causing the blood pH to decrease below 7.35; respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis.

Question 2

Association areas

Answer 2

Areas of the brain that are concerned with linking or coordinating a primary function. For example the visual association are coordinates those activities that support the sensation of sight.

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

Elongated part of the neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Question 4

Blood- brain barrier

Answer 4

A structural characteristic of the capillaries of the CNS that impedes or prevents the diffusion of some substances from the systemic circulation into the CNS.

Question 5

Brain

Answer 5

The part of the CNS contained within the cranial cavity; divided into the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum.

Question 6

Brain stem

Answer 6

Part of the brain that is formed by the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Lower part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord; consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Question 7

Central nervous system

Answer 7

The part of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

Part of the brain located under the cerebrum; it coordinates skeletal muscle activity.

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

Cushioning fluid that circulates within the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord.

Question 10

Cerebrum

Answer 10

Largest and uppermost part of the brain, divided into two cerebral hemispheres. There are four loves: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

Question 11

Choroid plexus

Answer 11

A network of capillaries in the ventricles of the brain; the capillaries, surrounded by ependymal cells, secrete cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 12

Convolution

Answer 12

A convex curvature of the cerebral cortex; also called a gyrus.

Question 13

Corpus callosum

Answer 13

Bands of white matter that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres of the brain.

Question 14

Dendrite

Answer 14

Treelike process of the neuron that receives the stimulus and carries it toward the cell body.

Question 15

Depolarize

Answer 15

Change in the membrane potential across the cell membrane, with the inside of the cell becoming less negative or less polarized than the resting membrane potential.

Question 16

Fissure

Answer 16

A narrow slit or groove that divides an organ; also called a sulcus.

Question 17

Frontal lobe

Answer 17

Anterior portion of the cerebrum that controls voluntary skeletal activity and motor speech and that plays an important role in emotions, critical thinking, and ethical decision making.

Question 18

Ganglion

Answer 18

A group of nerve cell bodies usually linked by synapses; often appears as a swelling.

Question 19

Gyrus

Answer 19

See convolution

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Answer 20

Part of the diencephalon that regulates the pituitary gland, autonomic nervous system, water balance, appetite, temperature, and emotions.

Question 21

Interneuron

Answer 21

Neuron that links the sensory and motor neurons in the central nervous system.

Question 22

Limbic system

Answer 22

The emotional brain.

Question 23

Medulla oblongata

Answer 23

Most inferior part of the brain stem that controls vital functions, such as respiratory and cardiovascular function.

Question 24

Meninges

Answer 24

Membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord; include the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Question 25

Myelin sheath

Answer 25

White fatty material that covers some nerve fibers.

Question 26

Neuroglia

Answer 26

Nerve cells that support, protect, and nourish the neurons.

Question 27

Neurotransmitters

Answer 27

Chemical made within the axon terminal responsible for transmission of the signal across the synapse or junction.

Question 28

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 28

Exposed or unmyelinated axonal membrane; permits salutatory conduction.

Question 29

Occipital lobe

Answer 29

Cerebral lobe located in the back of the head; concerned primarily with vision.

Question 30

Parietal lobe

Answer 30

Lobe of the cerebrum concerned primarily with somatosensory function.

Question 31

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 31

Nerves and ganglia that lie outside the central nervous system(CNS).

Question 32

Repolarize

Answer 32

Return of the membrane potential to its resting state after the nerve impulse.

Question 33

Resting membrane potential

Answer 33

The membrane potential difference of excitable tissue (nerve and muscle) in the resting or unstimulated state.

Question 34

Reticular formation

Answer 34

Complex network of nerve fibers that arises within the brain stem and projects into the lower cerebrum; causes arousal of the cerebrum so that the person does not slip into coma.

Question 35

Subarachnoid space

Answer 35

The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater; it it the space through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord.

Question 36

Sulcus

Answer 36

A fissure or groove

Question 37

Synapse

Answer 37

The interaction between two nerves where chemical transmission of the electrical signal occurs

Question 38

Temporal lobe

Answer 38

Lobe of the cerebrum responsible for hearing, smelling, speech, and memory

Question 39

Thalamus

Answer 39

Part of the diencephalon that relays sensory information to the cerebrum and plays a major role in the interpretation of pain

Question 40

Threshold potential

Answer 40

The degree of depolarization required to fire an action potential in a nerve or muscle membrane