Chap 1 human body Flashcards
Anatomy
Branch of science that studies the structure of the body.
Ex. Anatomy describes what the heart looks like, how big it is, what it’s made of, how it’s organized, and where it’s located.
The word anatomy comes from
Greek word meaning dissect
Physiology
Branch of science that describes how the body functions.
Ex. Physiology describes how the heart pumps blood and why the pumping of blood is essential for life.
Pathophysiology
Branch of science that describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body.
Ex. How a body part functions when a person has a disease.
Organs
Group of tissue that performs a specialized function, such as the lungs.
Homeostasis
Ability of the body to maintain a constant internal environment.
Ex. Temperature staying the same
Sagittal
Divides the body lengthwise into right and left portions.
Frontal
Divides the body into anterior( ventral) and posterior(dorsal) portions.
Transverse
Divides the body horizontally, creating an upper (superior) and a lower (inferior) body.
Ex. A cross section
Frontal
Another word for frontal is coronal
Abdominal
Anterior trunk just below the ribs
Antecubital
Area in front of the elbow
Axillary
Armpit
Brachial
Arm
Buccal
Cheek area; cavity between the gum and cheek
Cephalic
Head
Cervical
Neck region; throat
Cranial
Nearer to the head
Digital
Fingers, toes
Femoral
Thigh area; femoral artery
Flank
Fleshy area along each side between the lower ribs and the top hip bones
Inguinal
Area where the thigh meets the trunk of the body; often called the groin
Oral
Mouth
Orbital
Area around the eye
Patellar
Front of the knee over the kneecap
Pedal
Foot
Plantar
Sole of the foot
Pubic
Genital area
Sternal
Middle of the chest ( over the breastbone area)
Umbilical
Navel
Posterior region; Caudal
Near the lower region of the spinal column (near the tailbone)
Deltoid (posterior region)
Rounded area of the shoulder closest to the arm
Gluteal (Posterior region)
Buttocks
Lumbar (Posterior region)
Area of the back between the ribs and the hips
Occipital
Back of the head
Popliteal (Posterior)
Behind, or back of, the knee area
Scapular (Posterior)
Shoulder blade area
Viscera
Internal organs of the body
Dorsal cavity
Body cavity located toward the back part of the body; divided into the cranial and spinal cavities
Ventral cavity
Cavity located toward the front part of the body; divided by the diaphragm into the upper thoracic cavity and lower abdominopelvic cavity
Cranial cavity
Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain
Spinal (vertebral) cavity
Contains the spine
Thoracic cavity
Upper part of the ventral cavity superior to the diaphragm; filled largely by the lungs and heart
Mediastinum
Space between the lungs that contains the heart and pericardial cavity, trachea, thymus gland, esophagus, and large blood vessels
Pericardial cavity
thoracic cavity Located within the mediastinum and contains the heart and great vessels
Pleural cavities
Thoracic cavities that contain the lungs
Quadrants
Division of a surface into four parts; the abdominopelvic area is divided into 4 parts RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
Abdominopelvic cavity
Part of the ventral cavity that lies inferior to the diaphragm; includes the upper abdominal cavity and lower pelvic cavity
Nine regions
Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region
Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region
