Chapter 10 Flashcards
1815-1850: transition from small shops of handmade goods to factories and mills powered by water
First Industrial revolution
Dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions
Market Revolution
The right to vote
Franchise
A highly organized group of insiders that directs a party
Political machine
A system in which benefits including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange for political support
Patronage
The widespread award of (public) government jobs to political supporters after a presidential electoral victory
Spoils System
A meeting held by a political party to choose candidates, make policies, and enforce party discipline
Caucus
An economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay which created a high tariff to support internal improvements (roadbuilding)
American system
Election of 1824: none of the candidates were able to secure a majority electoral vote, putting the outcomes in the hands of House of Representatives
Corrupt Bargain
US Senator from Massachusetts and was Secretary of State under President Monroe; in 1824, congress voted for him
John Quincy Adams
A protective tariff that helped American industry by raising prices of British goods which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those of theUS
Tariff of 1816
7th president of US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815; lost the presidential election in 1824; expanded presidential powers, created the Patronage/Spoils system
Andrew Jackson
An inner circle of unofficial advisors to the head of a government
Kitchen Cabinet
A protective tariff passed by Congress that was known as Tariff of Abominations; increased price imported raw materials and would cost southern plantations about $100 million a year; supported by Jacksonians and Clay
Tariff of 1828
Calhoun’ Exposition; written in 1828 by John C. Calhoun; written as a protest against the Tariff of 1828 and stated that if not repealed, SC would secede; established that a state had the right to reject federal law
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Bill that says congress is authorized to use the military against belligerent states
Force Bill (1833)
President of second bank of US
Nicholas Biddle
State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed form BUS
Pet Banks
Cherokee Indian who created the Cherokee syllabic alphabet, resulting in the Cherokee newspaper, Cherokee Phoenix
Sequoyah
1830: provided resettlement of all 100,000 native Americans including all of the 5 civilized tribes
Indian removal act
Indian conflict: chief Black Hawk, along with a faction from the tribes, returned in 1832 to their Illinois lands and conducted a campaign of raids and ambushes
Black Hawk War
Court case: two missionaries who were welcomed by Cherokee had not obtained a license under Georgia law to live on Cherokee land; Georgia could not control the Cherokee within their territory
Worcester v. Georgia
The Cherokee Indians were forced to make a grueling march in the winter of 1838-39
Trail of tears
Political party founded itself within the era of Jeffersonian democracy; formed to oppose the policies of president Jackson and democrats
Whigs
Served as Secretary of State during Andrew jackson’s first term, Vice President during jackson’s second term
Martin van Buren
Banks issued paper currency until Jackson issue the specie circular which forced payment to federal banks with gold or silver, resulting in collapse of many State banks
Panic of 1837
1840: whigs with popular war hero William Henry Harrison used log cabins and hard cider to portray his down-home heritage
Log Cabin Campaign
American military leader, politician, 9th president of US and first to die in office
William H. Harrison
Took office after the death of president Harrison
John Tyler
