Chapter 10

Question 0

Agricultural revolution

Answer 0

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied on hunting and gathering

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

Question 2

Agriculture

Answer 2

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain

Question 3

Aquaculture

Answer 3

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Question 4

Cereal grain

Answer 4

A grass that yields grain for food

Question 5

Chaff

Answer 5

Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing

Question 6

Combine

Answer 6

A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

Question 7

Commercial agriculture

Answer 7

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products to sell them off the farm

Question 8

Crop

Answer 8

Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season

Question 9

Crop rotation

Answer 9

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

Question 10

Desertification

Answer 10

Degradation if land, especially in the semi arid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting

Question 11

Dietary energy consumption

Answer 11

The amount of food an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories ( calories in the United States)

Question 12

Double cropping

Answer 12

Harvesting twice a year from the same field

Question 13

Food security

Answer 13

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

Question 14

Grain

Answer 14

Seed of a cereal grass

Question 15

Green revolution

Answer 15

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers

Question 16

Horticulture

Answer 16

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Question 17

Hull

Answer 17

The outer covering of a seed

Question 18

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Answer 18

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a real actively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land

Question 19

Milkshed

Answer 19

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

Question 20

Paddy

Answer 20

The Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a Sawah

Question 21

Pastoral nomadism

Answer 21

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

Question 22

Pasture

Answer 22

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing

Question 23

Plantation

Answer 23

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale , usually to a more developed country

Question 24

Prime agricultural land

Answer 24

The most productive farmland

Question 25

Ranching

Answer 25

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

Question 26

Reaper

Answer 26

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field

Question 27

Ridge tillage

Answer 27

A system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater greater soil conservation

Question 28

Sawah

Answer 28

A flooded field for growing rice

Question 29

Shifting cultivation

Answer 29

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another, each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period of time

Question 30

Slash and burn agriculture

Answer 30

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because the fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

Question 31

Spring wheat

Answer 31

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

Question 32

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 32

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family

Question 33

Sustainable agriculture

Answer 33

Farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides

Question 34

Swidden

Answer 34

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

Question 35

Thresh

Answer 35

To beat out grain from stalks

Question 36

Transhumance

Answer 36

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and low land pastures

Question 37

Truck farming

Answer 37

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or exchange of commodities

Question 38

Undernourishment

Answer 38

Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity

Question 39

Wet rice

Answer 39

Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

Question 40

Winnow

Answer 40

To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind

Question 41

Winter wheat

Answer 41

Wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer