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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY > CHAPTER 10 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

While this more commonly means “creek” or “stream,” it can also refer to a smaller river in some languages or regions.

A

Sapa

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2
Q
  • characteristic patterns across all languages of various cultures (such as phonology, morphology, semantics, and syntax)
  • Colors, Verbs and Grammatical Genders, Concepts
A

Linguistic Universals

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3
Q

“Basta”

A

Linguistic Relativity

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4
Q

enhances executive functions, such as task-switching and ignoring distractions, and may delay the onset of dementia by up to four years.

A

Bilingualism

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5
Q

a second language is acquired in addition to a relatively well-developed first language

A

Additive Bilingualism

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6
Q

elements of a second language replace elements of the first language.

A

Subtractive Bilingualism

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7
Q

occurs when an individual first learns one langunge and then another

A

Sequential Bilingualism

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8
Q

suggests that two languages are represeni just one system or brain region.

A

The Single-system Hypothesis

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9
Q

suggests that two languages are represente somehow in separate systems of the mind

A

Dual-system Hypothesis

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10
Q

when people of two different language groups are in prolonged contact with one another, the language users of the two groups begin to share some vocabulary that is superimposed onto each group’s language use

A

Pidgin

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11
Q

over time, this admixture can develop into a distinct linguistic form and have its own grammar

A

Creole

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12
Q

modern creoles may resemble an evolutionarily early form of language

A

Protolanguage

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13
Q

whi arise when two linguistically distinctive groups meet.

A

Creoles and pidgins

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14
Q

what occurs when a single linguistic group gradually diverges toward somewhat distinctive variations.

A

dialect

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15
Q

is a regional variety of a language distinguished by features as vocabulary, syntax, and pronunciation.

A

Dialect

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16
Q

unlike in psychoanalytic view, errors result from intrusions by other thoughts or by stimuli in the environment

A

Slips of the Tongue

17
Q

uses a language element before it is appropriate in the sentence (“an inspiring expression” turned an “expiring expression”)

A

Anticipation

18
Q

uses a language element that was appropriate earlier in the sentence (“We sat down to a bounteous beast” instead of a “bounteous feast.”)

A

Perseveration

19
Q

speaker switches the positions of two language elements (“flutterby” to become “butterfly.”)

A

Reversal /Transposition

20
Q

initial sounds of two words are reversed and make two entirely different words (“You have hissed all my mystery lectures,” [missed all-my history lectures]

A

Spoonerisms

21
Q

one word is replaced by another that is similar in sound different in meaning (“naughty pine” instead of “knotty pine”)

A

Malapropism

22
Q

“mischievi-ous” instead of “mischievous”

A

Insertions of Sounds

23
Q

juxtapose two nouns in a way that positively asserts their similarities, while not disconfirming their dissimilarities

A

Metaphors

24
Q

introduce the words like or as into a comparison between items.

A

Similes

25
Q

the study of how people use language, which includes sociolinguistics and other aspects of the social context of language.

A

Pragmatics

26
Q

which we seek to communicate in ways that make it easy for our listener to understand what we mean

A

Cooperative Principle

27
Q

Make your contribution to a conversation as informative as required, but no more than is needed.

A

QUALITY

28
Q

Make your contribution to a
conversation truthful. Irony, sarcasm, and jokes are acceptable because the listener is expected to infer the speaker’s true state of mind from what is said.

A

QUANTITY

29
Q

Make your contributions to a conversation relevant to the aim of the conversation.

A

RELATION

30
Q

Avoid obscure expressions, vague utterances, and purposeful obfuscation of your point.

A

MANNER

31
Q

storage and retrieval of meaning

A

The Brain and Semantic Processing

32
Q

an impairment of language functioning caused by damage to the brain

A

Aphasia

33
Q

production of agrammatical speech

A

Broca’s Aphasia

34
Q

impairment in understanding of spoken words and sentences.

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

35
Q

highly impaired comprehension and production of speech

A

Global Aphasia

36
Q

naming objects and retrieving words

A

Anomic Aphasia

37
Q

characterized by abnormalities in social behavior; language, and cognition

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

38
Q

repetition of speech heard

A

Echolalia

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (6 decks)

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