Chapter 10 Flashcards
Late adolescence
16-18
Puberty begins overproduction or synaptic exuberance
(sharp increase in synaptic connections),
in frontal lobes
increases speed of brain’s electrical signals
but also decreases flexibility
Myelination
What part of the brain continues to grow
cerebellum
BLANK percent of American adolescent girls believe they weigh too much
60
BLANK percent of boys believe they weigh too much
30
Fasting for 24 hours or more
Using diet products
Purging (intentional vomiting or use of laxatives)
Using laxatives to control weight
Eating disorder
Eating disorder characterized by intentional self-starvation characterized by
Inability to maintain body weight
Fear of weight gain
Lack of menstruation
Distorted body image
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging
Due to fear of weight gain
Relatively normal eating patterns between episodes
Bulimia
pertains to concepts and processes that cannot be experienced directly
through the senses
Abstract thinking
thinking about multiple dimensions and aspects of a situation or idea. Understanding of metaphors and sarcasm
Complex thinking
how much cognitive effort is needed to devote to processing information
Automaticity
one institution as source of secondary education, as in the U.S
Comprehensive schools
college preparatory, vocational school, and professional school
Europe
Focus almost exclusively on rote learning
Consequences of school performance serious and enduring
Less time for after-school leisure and informal socializing
Eastern school
BLANK schools place more emphasis on critical thinking and creativity
Western
Common in central and northern Europe
Entry at age 16
Continued part-time schooling
Training that takes place in workplace
Preparation for a career in a respected profession
Apprenticeships in Europe
true self-conception
actual self
what you could become
possible self
would like to be
Ideal self
possible to become but fear becoming it
Feared self
what is shown to others does
not represent actual thoughts or feelings
May exhibit a false self
people who typically identify as
either female or male but whose behaviors fall outside
conventional gender norms
Gender nonconforming
those whose self-identification does not
match their biological sex
Transgender
Individuals have more than one social identity, which may overlap
Gender roles in American minority cultures may differ from gender roles in
the majority culture
INTERSECTIONALITY
Based on cognitive development and believed that moral reasoning changes
in predictable ways
Focused on the structure of moral reasoning
Kohlberg proposed a universal theory of moral development
the ability to retain (and process)
information for a short period of time
Capacity of working memory enlarges
repeating information over and over
Rehearsal
categorizing things in order to remember them
Organization
transforming things in a way that makes them memorable
Elaboration
rehearsal, organization, elaboration
increased use of mnemonics such as
Understanding of how memory works increases
metamemory
Most cross-cultural studies confirm who hypothesis
Kohlberg’s
who argued you must also understand the cultural worldview
that underlies moral reasoning
Shweder
codes responses according to three types of ethics rooted in different worldviews, Ethic of Autonomy, Ethic of Community, and Ethic of Divinity
jensen
Adolescents in developed countries BLANK religious than in developing countries
Less
More
guided by collective expectations
Islam
Elites, athletes, academics, deviants, and others
5 types of crowds
small group of friends
cliques
bisexual, gay, lesbian, or transgender
Historically and in other cultures, same-sex attraction kept
secret, but coming out now more likely
Sexual minorities
Among sexual minority youth in the United States, the average
age of coming out is
16
unwanted sexual contact due to verbal pressure,
alcohol or drugs, or physical force
Sexual assault
temporary sadness
depression
more enduring period of sadness with other symptoms
Major depressive disorder
Strongest risk factor is being female
Body image concerns
“Feminine” gender role traits
Tendency to ruminate
Depression
Experimental
Social
Medicinal : Self-medication
Addictive
Reasons for Substance Abuse
Crime and delinquency peaks at what age
18
Life-course-persistent delinquents (L C P Ds)
Adolescence-limited delinquents (A L Ds)
Two types of delinquency
Youth agencies employ Blank approach to stop delinquency
multisystemic
