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Biology 181 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Cycle

A
  1. G1
  2. S-phase
  3. G2
  4. Prophase
  5. Metaphase
  6. Anaphase
  7. Telophase
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2
Q

G1

A

Cell Growth- increase size, nutrients. Prep for S-phase

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3
Q

S-phase

A

DNA is replicated, sister chromatids made and stuck together at the centromere

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4
Q

G2

A

Check for mistakes, cell growth- organelles replicated, prep for M-phase

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5
Q

Prophase

A
  • chromosomes condense
  • nuclear envelope dissolves
  • spindle apparatus appears at poles, connecting to centromeres
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6
Q

Metaphase

A

apparatus lines chromosomes up in the middle of the cell

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7
Q

Anaphase

A

apparatus pulls the sister chromatids apart

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8
Q

Telophase

A

2 nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes, and they start to decondense

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9
Q

G0

A

Cell is not actively in the cell cycle

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10
Q

End product of Mitosis

A

2 genetically identical cells to the parent cell

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11
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

2 copies of DNA stuck together at the centromere

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12
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

2 chromosomes with the same genes, but could have different alleles

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13
Q

Diploid

A

cells containing 2 copies of all unique chromosomes (all somatic cells)

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14
Q

Haploid

A

cells containing 1 copy of all unique chromosomes (gametes only)

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15
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells, haploid- egg and sperm

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16
Q

Somatic Cells

A

body cells, diploid

17
Q

Autosome

A

all chromosomes but the sex chromosomes(1-22 in humans)

18
Q

Sex Chromosome

A

1 pair of chromosomes that determines sex (chromosome 23 in humans)
XX= female, XY-= male

19
Q

G1 Checkpoint

A

Cell is large enough, has enough nutrients, DNA is ok, receive a signal (Cyclin E)

20
Q

G2 Checkpoint

A

DNA replicated correctly, organelles replicated, has enough nutrients, receives a signal (Cyclin A)

21
Q

Metaphase Checkpoint

A

Chromosomes are properly attached to spindle apparatus, and aligned in the middle, receives a signal (Cyclin B)

22
Q

Cause of Cancer

A

More than 1 mutation is usually needed before complete loss of control happens, mutagens can increase risk of mutation

Biology 181 (7 decks)

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