Carbohydrates

Question 1

Carbohydrate

Answer 1

sugars,
contain 1C:2H:1O,
main fuel source

Question 2

Monosaccharide

Answer 2

monomer of carb, like 1 glucose molecule

Question 3

Disaccharide

Answer 3

2 monosaccharides linked

Question 4

Polysaccharide

Answer 4

complex carbs with long chains of monosaccharides

Question 5

Glycosidic Bond

Answer 5

covalent bond between monosaccharides, type dictates function

Question 6

Hexose

Answer 6

6 carbon molecule

Question 7

Dehydration

Answer 7

Remove water to break bond

Question 8

Hydrolysis

Answer 8

Add water to bond

Question 9

Lactose

Answer 9

Glucose + Galactose

Question 10

Maltose

Answer 10

Glucose + Glucose

Question 11

Sucrose

Answer 11

Glucose + Fructose

Question 12

Starch

Answer 12

energy storage in plants, long chains of glucose (many alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds)

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

energy storage in animals, highly branched polysaccharide of glucose monomers (alpha 1,4 = long chains, alpha 1,6= forms branches)

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

used for structure in plants (cell wall), beta 1,4 links (resistant to enzyme breakdown- in plants and animals)

Question 15

Chitin

Answer 15

used for structure in fungi and animals-exoskeletons, beta 1,4 bonds

Question 16

Peptidoglycan

Answer 16

bacteria cell wall structure beta 1,4, peptide bonds

Question 17

Explain why we cannot digest cellulose and describe what role it plays in our digestive system.

Answer 17

digestive enzymes cannot break the beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds. Used to help digest and remove waste.

Question 18

List four major functions that carbohydrates perform in cells.

Answer 18

1. monosaccharides build to make complex molecules (DNA/RNA)
2. Structure (cellulose)
3. cell identity markers
4. energy storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals)