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Medical Terminology > Chapter 1 Words > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Words Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anemia

A

Lacking in blood. Deficiency of hemoglobin and/or in number of red blood cells, which results in reduced oxygen to blood cells.
Literally, anemia means a condition of “no blood”. Actually, it is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in their ability to carry oxygen resulting from less hemoglobin, a protein that helps carry oxygen in red blood cells.

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2
Q

Apex(s) Apices(p)

A

Pointed end of an organ

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3
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Process of visual examination of a joint

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4
Q

Arthralgia

A

Pain in a joint

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5
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint

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6
Q

Arthrogram

A

X-ray record of a joint

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7
Q

Autopsy

A

To see with ones own eyes.
Examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.
Viewing and examining a dead body with one’s own (self) eye. Here the root OPS- (viewing) is embedded in the suffix, -OPSY (process of viewing)

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8
Q

Bacteria(p) Bacterium(s)

A

Type of one-cell organism whose genetic material is not organized with in a nucleus

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9
Q

Biology

A

Study of life

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10
Q

Biopsy

A

Removing living tissue for subsequent viewing under a microscope or other lab studies
-OPSY means (process of) viewing

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11
Q

Bronchus(s) Bronchi(p)

A

Tube/tubes leading from the windpipe to the lungs

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12
Q

Bursa(s) Bursae(p)

A

Sac of fluid near a joint

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13
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor

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14
Q

Calculus(s) Calculi(p)

A

Stone

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15
Q

Cardiac

A

Pertaining to the heart

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16
Q

Cardiology

A

Study of the heart

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17
Q

Cephalic

A

Pertaining to the head

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18
Q

Cerebral

A

Pertaining to the cerebrum

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19
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A

Disorder of the blood vessels within the cerebrum. STROKE

-VASCULAR means pertaining to blood vessel

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20
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain

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21
Q

Cortex(s) Cortices(p)

A

Outer part of an organ

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22
Q

Cystoscope

A

Instrument used to view the urinary bladder

The cystoscope is placed into the urinary bladder through the urethra within the penis

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23
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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24
Q

Dermal

A

Pertaining to the skin

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25
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin

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26
Q

Dermatology

A

Study of the skin and its diseases

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27
Q

Diagnoses(p) Diagnosis(s)

A

Determination of the nature and cause of a disease.
Complete knowledge of a patients condition.
-SIS means state of; DIA- means complete

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28
Q

Diameter

A

Length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle when the end points are on the circle.
The suffix - METER means measurement.
DIA - means through in this term

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29
Q

Dysentery

A

Condition of painful intestines

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30
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

Record of electricity in the heart
(ECG) is the abbreviation
EKG is an older abbreviation

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31
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

Record of the electricity in the brain
EEG is the abbreviation
This record is helpful in determining whether a patient has a seizure disorder, such as epilepsy

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32
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

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33
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Organs that produce (secrete) hormones.
CRIN/O means to secrete (to form and give off). Examples of endocrine glands are thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. All of these glands secrete hormones within the body and into the bloodstream.

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34
Q

Endocrinology

A

Study of the endocrine glands

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35
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine

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36
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

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37
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Glands that produce (secrete) chemicals that leave the body through tubes (ducts)
Examples of exocrine glands are sweat, tear, salivary glands, and mammary (breast) glands, which secrete substances to the outside of the body.

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38
Q

Adenitis

A

Inflammation of the glands

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39
Q

Ganglion(s) Ganglia(p)

A

Group of nerve cells

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40
Q

Gastrectomy

A

Removal of the stomach

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41
Q

Gastric

A

Pertaining to the stomach

42
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

43
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Study of the stomach and intestines

44
Q

Gastroscope

A

Instrument used to view the stomach

45
Q

Gynecology

A

Study of the female

46
Q

Hematology

A

Study of blood

47
Q

Hematoma

A

Mass or collection of blood under the skin. BRUISE

-OMA means mass or tumor. In this term, -oma indicates a mass or swelling containing blood

48
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells

-GLOBIN means protein. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells (erythrocytes) that helps carry oxygen in the blood

49
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

50
Q

Hepatoma

A

Malignant tumor of the liver

This is a cancerous (malignant) tumor, also called hepatocellular carcinoma

51
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Higher than normal levels of sugar in the blood.

GLYC/O means sugar. Hyperglycemia may be a sign of diabetes mellitus. Mellitus means “sweet”.

52
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Excessive activity of the thyroid gland.
HYPER - means excessive.
The thyroid gland is in the neck. It secretes the hormone thyroxine, which helps cells burn food to release energy.
Also knows as Graves Disease
The thyroid gland produces too much hormone, which causes signs and symptoms such as rapid pulse, nervousness, excessive sweating, and swelling of tissue behind the eyeball (resulting in exophthalmos, or “bulging” of the eyes)

53
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Blood condition of decreased sugar.

This condition results from too much insulin in the bloodstream. Symptoms are weakness, headache, and hunger.

54
Q

Laparotomy

A

Incision of the abdomen

55
Q

Laparoscope

A

Instrument to visually examine the abdomen

56
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the abdomen. Small incisions are made near the navel, and instruments are inserted into the abdomen for viewing organs and performing procedures such as tying off the fallopian (uterine) tubes.

57
Q

Leukemia

A

Increased in malignant (cancerous) white blood cells in blood and blood marrow.
Large number of immature, cancerous cells are found in the bloodstream and bone marrow (inner part of bone that makes blood cells)

58
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cell

59
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Slight increase in the numbers of normal white blood cells as a response to infection.
This is an increase in numbers of normal white blood cells as a response to infection

60
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Removal of a kidney

61
Q

Nephrology

A

Study of the kidney and its diseases

62
Q

Nephrosis

A

Abnormal condition of the kidney

63
Q

Neural

A

Pertaining to the nerves

64
Q

Neuralgia

A

Nerve pain

65
Q

Neurologist

A

Specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of nerves and disorders

66
Q

Neurology

A

Study of the nervous system and nerve disorder

67
Q

Neurotomy

A

Incision of a nerve

68
Q

Oncologist

A

Physician specializing in the study and treatment of tumors

69
Q

Oncology

A

Study of tumors

70
Q

Ophthalmology

A

Study of the eye

71
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

Instrument used to visually examine the eye

This instrument allows the ophthalmologist to view both the outer and inner areas of the eye

72
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Inflammation of bones and joints

73
Q

Ovum(s) Ova(p)

A

Egg cell

74
Q

Pathologist

A

Specialist in the study of disease using a microscopic examination of tissues, cells and autopsy examination

75
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease

76
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane surrounding the heart

77
Q

Prognosis

A

Prediction as to the outcome of an illness or treatment.

Before knowledge

78
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Male gland that surrounds the base of the urinary bladder

79
Q

Psychology

A

Study of the mind, especially in relation to human behavior

80
Q

Psychosis(s) Psychoses(p)

A

Abnormal condition of the mind. In this serious mental condition, the patient loses touch with reality. Psychotic symptoms include hallucinations and delusions.

81
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to the kidney

82
Q

Resection

A

Removal (excision) of an organ or a structure.
-SECTION means cutting into an organ, but RESECTION means removing some or all of an organ in the sense of cutting back or away. The Latin term means “a trimming or pruning”

83
Q

Retrogastric

A

Pertaining to behind the stomach

84
Q

Rheumatology

A

Branch of medicine dealing with inflammation degeneration or chemical changes in connective tissue, such as joints and muscles.
RHEUMAT/O = flow or watery discharge, which was once thought to cause aches and pains, especially in joints)

85
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the nose

86
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of connective tissue, such as bone, muscle, fat or cartilage.

Sarcomas and carcinomas are both cancerous tumors. Seconds grow from fleshy (connective) tissue of the body, such as muscle, fat, bone and cartilage, whereas carcinomas arise from skin tissue and the limits of internal organs

87
Q

Subgastric

A

Pertaining to below the stomach

88
Q

Subhepatic

A

Pertaining to under the liver

89
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign tumor of glandular tissue

-OMA means tumor or mass

89
Q

Subungual Hematoma

A

This is collection of blood under the nail
SUB - under
UNGU/O - nail

91
Q

Transdermal

A

Pertaining to through the skin

92
Q

Transgastric

A

Pertaining to across (through) the stomach

93
Q

Transurethral

A

Pertaining to across (through) the urethra

94
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Clotting cell

95
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition of clot formation. Thrombosis describes the condition of forming a clot (thrombus)

96
Q

Urology

A

Study of the urinary tract

97
Q

Varix(s) Varices(p)

A

Enlarged, swollen vein

98
Q

Tubal Ligation

A

Interruption of the continuity of the fallopian tubes, as a means of preventing future pregnancy.

99
Q

Vertebra(s) Vertebrae(p)

A

Backbone

100
Q

Transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

A

This is a surgical procedure to remove noncancerous (benign) growth of the prostate gland. Piece of the enlarged gland are removed through the urethra. The resectoscope contains a light, valves for controlling irrigating fluid, and an electrical loop that cuts tissue and seals blood vessels.

101
Q

Osteogenic Sarcoma (bone cancer)

A

Malignant tumor of bone

-GENIC means produced in

102
Q

Edema

A

Swelling in tissues. Edema is often caused by retention (holding back) of fluid and salt by the kidneys.

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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