Chapter 1 The Human Body Flashcards
Define Physiology
Function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out life-sustaining activities.
FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION!!
Define Anatomy
Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Definition and 3 Sections of Gross Anatomy
Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.
Regional, Systemic, and Surface
Definition and 2 Divisions of Microscopic Anatomy
Deals with structures to small to be seen by the naked eye
Cytology(cells) and Histology(tissues)
Developmental Anatomy and Embryology
- Studies structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span.
- Developmental changes that occur before birth
Palpating
Feeling organs with your hands
Auscultation
Listening to the sounds of an organ with a stethoscope
Renal Physiology
Kidney function and urine production
Neurophysiology
Workings of the nervous system
Cardiovascular Physiology
Operation of the heart and blood vessels
Levels of Structural Organization Small to Large
Atom➡️Molecule➡️Organelle➡️Cell➡️Tissue➡️Organ➡️Organ System
Necessary Life Functions
Maintain Boundaries Move Respond Digest Metabolize Excrete Reproduce Grow
Survival Needs
Nutrients Oxygen Water Normal body temperature Appropriate atmospheric pressure
Homeostasis
The ability of the body to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment
5 Steps of a Feedback Mechanism
1- Stimulus: Produce Change
2- Receptor: Detects Change
3- Input: information sent along afferent pathway to control center.
4- Output: information sent along efferent pathway to effector
5- Response: feedback to reproduce the effect of stimulus returning variable to homeostatic balance
Negative Feedback loop
Reverse original stimulus
Positive Feedback Loop
Enhances original stimulus
Anatomical Position
- Standing upright
- Facing observer with level head
- Eyes Forward
- Feet flat
- Arms at side with palms forward
Superior VS. Inferior
Above
Below
Ventral(Anterior) VS. Dorsal(Posterior)
Front
Back
Medial VS. Lateral
Towards midline of body
Away from midline of body
Proximal VS. Distal
Towards attached end of the limb
Away from attached end of the limb
Superficial VS. Deep
Closer to skin’s surface
Deeper away from the skin’s surface
Axial
Head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular
Limbs
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane dividing body into right and left parts
Frontal Plane
Vertical plane dividing body into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse Plane
Horizontal plane dividing body into superior and inferior parts
Dorsal Body Cavity
Composed of the Cranial and Vertebral cavities
Ventral Body Cavity
Composed of the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.
