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A level History - Germany > Chapter 1 - The establishment of Weimar constitution > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - The establishment of Weimar constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Kaiser abdicate?

A

9th November 1918

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2
Q

When was the armistice signed?

A

11th November 1918

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3
Q

What were the October reforms?

A
  1. Prince Max of Baden appointed as chancellor
  2. Chancellor responsible to the Reichstag and new government established
  3. Army under control of the civil government
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4
Q

When was the peace note written?

A

3rd October 1918

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5
Q

What was the peace note?

A

A letter to President Wilson asking for an armistice.
Wilson wanted Germany to evacuate all occupied territory, end submarine warfare and fully democratise its political system

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6
Q

What happened on the 3rd Nov 1918?

A

Sailors in Kiel mutinied against their officers and took control of the base

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7
Q

What was declared on the 8th Nov 1918?

A

Republic was proclaimed in Bavaria and the Bavarian monarchy was deposed

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8
Q

What did the SPD do on the 9th Nov 1918?

A

SPD called workers in Berlin to join general strike to force the Kaiser to abdicate
They threatened to withdraw support from Prince Max’s government unless Kaiser abdicated

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9
Q

Who replaced Prince Max of Baden as chancellor

A

Friedrich Ebert

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10
Q

What did General Groener tell the Kaiser on the 9th Nov 1918?

A

That the army would no longer fight for him

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11
Q

What was Ebert’s priority after the armistice?

A

To organise elections for a constituent assembly

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12
Q

What did the USPD believe?

A

That autocratic government would not finally be abolished until all aristocratic estates were broken up, army, civil service and judiciary broken up and key industries nationalised under workers control

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13
Q

When was the Ebert - Groener pact signed?

A

10th November 1918

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14
Q

What was the Ebert - Groener pact?

A

Groener and the army would support Ebert as long as he resisted the workers councils demands to democratise the army

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15
Q

What happened on the 6th December 1918?

A

Spartacist demonstration

16 killed

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16
Q

What happened on the 23-24th December 1918?

A

Sailors revolt against government in Berlin put down by the army

17
Q

What did the Spartacist’s do on the 5th December 1918?

A

Launched an armed revolt which was crushed after a week of fighting in Berlin

18
Q

When were the elections for the constituent assembly held?

A

19th January 1919

19
Q

How many seats did the SPD gain and why did they still have to compromise with other parties?

A

163, however they did not gain overall majority

20
Q

After the constituent assembly elections who became the new president and chancellor?

A

Ebert was elected president

Scheidemann became chancellor

21
Q

What could women do in the constitution?

A

Women could vote on the same terms as men and become deputies in the Reichstag and state parliament

22
Q

What was proportional representation?

A

The number of votes is equivalent to the number of seats a party is allocated

23
Q

What did proportional representation enable?

A

Enabled smaller parties to win seats in the Reichstag and influence government decisions

24
Q

Why were coalition governments a weakness?

A

Larger parties could not get overall majority and all governments in Weimar were coalitions
This meant decisions could not be made easily

25
Q

What was Article 48?

A

Gave the president the right to rule by decree in emergencies

26
Q

Why was article 48 a weakness?

A

Undermined democracy

27
Q

How many times did Ebert use Article 48?

A

136

28
Q

Which undemocratic institutions survived?

A

The army, civil service and judiciary

29
Q

What did General Hans Von Seeckt believe about the army?

A

That they could intervene in politics if necessary

30
Q

What were the civil service given under the Weimar Constituion?

A

A guarantee of their ‘‘well-earned rights’’ and of their freedom of political opinion

A level History - Germany (15 decks)

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