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psychology unit 3 > CHAPTER 1 - research methods > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 - research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

IV

A

independent variable

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2
Q

DV

A

dependant variable

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3
Q

IV - definition

A

variable that is manipulated to measure the effect on the DV

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4
Q

DV - definition

A

the observed variable impacted by the IV

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5
Q

extraneous variable

A

random variable with impact on the DV?

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6
Q

population

A

entire group research interest, from which a sample is drawn, sample results are generalised to

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7
Q

sample

A

part of the population selected for research

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8
Q

random sampling

A

members of population are chosen at random

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9
Q

convenience sampling

A

basically they’re just convenient

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10
Q

stratified sampling

A

selecting participants from subgroups of population

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11
Q

controlled experiment

A

investigation of cause-effect relation ship of IV and DV

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12
Q

controlled group

A

not exposed to IV in controlled conditions

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13
Q

experimental group

A

exposed to IV under experimental conditions

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14
Q

controlled experiment designs types:

A

between subjects, within subjects, mixed design

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15
Q

between subjects design

A

each participant is in either one or the other group (controlled or experiment) NOT BOTH

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16
Q

between subjects positives:

A

experiment can be completed on one occasion

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17
Q

between subjects negatives:

A

needs a larger sample size

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18
Q

within subjects design

A

each participant experiences both controlled and experiment groups

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19
Q

within subjects positive:

A

smaller number of participants

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20
Q

within subjects negative:

A

purpose of the experiment may be obvious

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21
Q

mixed design:

A

combines features of both a between subjects design and a within subjects design, so the researcher can assess potential differences between separate groups of participants

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22
Q

mixed design positives:

A

fewer participants are needed for the experiment, and results are more precise & detailed

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23
Q

mixed design negatives:

A

requires more expertise to manage the experiment.

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24
Q

research methods: correlational studies

A

investigation of relationship between variables without control over the setting where the relationship occurs (no manipulation)

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25
Q

correlational study positive:

A

results are more realistic (outside a lab setting)

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26
Q

correlational suited negative:

A

firm conclusions on cause-effect relationship can’t be drawn (only possible causes)

27
Q

research methods: descriptive methods types:

A

observational study, case, case study, self report

28
Q

self report:

A

participant’s answers to questions presented by the researcher

29
Q

types of self reports:

A

interview, questionnaires, focus groups

30
Q

self reports positives:

A

efficient collection of data from all people

31
Q

self report negatives:

A

relies on people being completely self aware and honest

32
Q

observational study:

A

collection of data by carefully watching and recording behaviour without intervention

33
Q

natural and contrived settings:

A

natural: records behaviour in real world
contrived: records behaviour in artificial environment

34
Q

observational studies positives:

A

researchers can record everyday behaviour without a need for intervention

35
Q

observational studies negatives:

A

observer bias may be present (distorts what they see)

36
Q

case studies:

A

intrusive, in-depth investigations of behaviours, problems in the interest of an individual, organisation or group

37
Q

case studies positives:

A

can be conducted over a long period of time

38
Q

case studies negatives:

A

can’t test the cause-effect relationship like in controlled experiment

39
Q

ERRORS

A
40
Q

systematic errors:

A

producers by a factor that consistently favours one condition rather than another

41
Q

systematic errors impact:

A

accuracy

42
Q

random errors:

A

due to a chance factor

43
Q

random errors impact:

A

effecting precision of measurements

44
Q

ETHICAL CONCEPTS:

A

beneficence, integrity, justice, non-maleficence, respect

45
Q

beneficence:

A

commitment to maximising benefits and minimising risk factors

46
Q

integrity:

A

commitment to honest reporting for public knowledge

47
Q

justice:

A

moral obligation to ensure fair consideration of competing claims

48
Q

non-maleficence:

A

avoiding cases of harm

49
Q

respect:

A

considerations to which living things have intrinsic values

50
Q

ETHICAL GUIDELINES:

A

confidentiality, debriefing, informed consent, use of deception, voluntary participation, withdrawal rights

51
Q

confidentiality:

A

being confidential

51
Q

debriefing:

A

participants understand aim of experiment and results

52
Q

informed consent:

A

understands nature and purpose of experiment and potential risks

53
Q

use of deception:

A

don’t deceive unless true purpose of experiments is known

54
Q

voluntary participation:

A

doing it voluntarily

55
Q

withdrawal rights:

A

know they can withdraw at any time

56
Q

EVALUATING DATA AND RESEARCH:

A

involves reproducibility, and repeatability

57
Q

repeatability:

A

degree to which an experiment will give similar results if performed again

58
Q

reproducibility:

A

will similar results occur under different conditions

59
Q

VALIDITY:

A

extent to which a measure accurately measures what is supposed to be measured

60
Q

types of validity:

A

internal and external

61
Q

internal validity:

A

extent to which investigation actually investigates what it claims to

62
Q

external validity:

A

extent to which results obtained can be applied beyond the sample which generated them

psychology unit 3 (7 decks)

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