Chapter 1 pg. 9-26 pt. 1

Question 1

What are the motives for criminological research?

Answer 1

Policy Motivations
Academic Motivations
Personal Motivations

Question 2

What are the different types of social criminological researches in practice?

Answer 2

(1) Descriptive Research
(2) Exploratory Research
(3) Explanatory Research
(4) Evaluation Research

Question 3

What is the difference between Exploratory Research and Explanatory Research?

Answer 3

Exploratory Research- research in which social phenomena are investigated without a priori expectations, in order to develop explanations of them

Explanatory Research- research that seeks to identify causes and/or effects of social phenomena

Question 4

What is Descriptive Research?

Answer 4

Descriptive Research-research in which phenomena are defined and described

Question 5

What is Evaluation Research?

Answer 5

Evaluation Research- research about social programs or interventions

Question 6

Which Social Criminological Research in Practice is this:

the primary focus of many studies of youth crime and violence

Answer 6

Descriptive Research

Question 7

Which Social Criminological Research in Practice is this:

uses qualitative methods

Answer 7

Exploratory Research

Question 8

What is the difference between positivism and post-positivism?

Answer 8

Positivism- the belief, shared by most scientists, that there is a reality that exists quite apart from our own perception of it, although our knowledge of this reality may never be complete

postpositivism- the belief that there is an empirical reality but that our understanding of it is limited by its complexity and by the biases and other limitations of researchers

Question 9

What is intersubjective agreement?

Answer 9

agreement between scientists about the nature of reality

Question 10

Positivist Research Guidelines:

(1)
(2) Plan and carry out investigations systematically
(3) document all procedures and disclose them publicly
(4) clarify assumptions
(5) specify the meaning of all terms
(6) maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge
(7) replicate research and build social theory
(8) Search of regularities of patterns

Answer 10

(1) Test ideas against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome

Question 11

Positivist Research Guidelines:

(1) Test ideas against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome
(2)
(3) document all procedures and disclose them publicly
(4) clarify assumptions
(5) specify the meaning of all terms
(6) maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge
(7) replicate research and build social theory
(8) Search of regularities of patterns

Answer 11

(2) Plan and carry out investigations systematically

Question 12

Positivist Research Guidelines:

(1) Test ideas against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome
(2) Plan and carry out investigations systematically
(3)
(4) clarify assumptions
(5) specify the meaning of all terms
(6) maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge
(7) replicate research and build social theory
(8) Search of regularities of patterns

Answer 12

(3) document all procedures and disclose them publicly

Question 13

Positivist Research Guidelines:

(1) Test ideas against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome
(2) Plan and carry out investigations systematically
(3) document all procedures and disclose them publicly
(4)
(5) specify the meaning of all terms
(6) maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge
(7) replicate research and build social theory
(8) Search of regularities of patterns

Answer 13

(4) clarify assumptions

Question 14

Positivist Research Guidelines:

(1) Test ideas against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome
(2) Plan and carry out investigations systematically
(3) document all procedures and disclose them publicly
(4) clarify assumptions
(5)
(6) maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge
(7) replicate research and build social theory
(8) Search of regularities of patterns

Answer 14

(5) specify the meaning of all terms

Question 15

Positivist Research Guidelines:

(1) Test ideas against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome
(2) Plan and carry out investigations systematically
(3) document all procedures and disclose them publicly
(4) clarify assumptions
(5) specify the meaning of all terms
(6)
(7) replicate research and build social theory
(8) Search of regularities of patterns

Answer 15

(6) maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge

Question 16

Positivist Research Guidelines:
(1) Test ideas against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome
(2) Plan and carry out investigations systematically
(3) document all procedures and disclose them publicly
(4) clarify assumptions
(5) specify the meaning of all terms
(6) maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge
(7)
(8) Search of regularities of patterns

Answer 16

(7) replicate research and build social theory

Question 17

Positivist Research Guidelines:
(1) Test ideas against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome
(2) Plan and carry out investigations systematically
(3) document all procedures and disclose them publicly
(4) clarify assumptions
(5) specify the meaning of all terms
(6) maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge
(7) replicate research and build social theory
(8)

Answer 17

(8) Search of regularities of patterns

Question 18

What is the goal of positivist research and how is ti achieved?

Answer 18

to advance scientific knowledge

which is achieved when research results are published in academic journals or presented at academic conferences

Question 19

True or False: According to positivists just because you gain knowledge about a society does not mean you know how a society should be run

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Positivists do not ignore ______ __________

Answer 20

value considerations

Question 21

What is the difference between Interpretivism and Constructivism?

Answer 21

interpretivism (interpretivist philosophy)-the belief that reality is socially constructed and that the goal of social scientists is to understand what meanings people give to that reality

constructivist paradigm- methodology based on rejection of belief in an external reality; it emphasizes the importance of exploring the way in which different stakeholders in a social setting construct their beliefs

Question 22

What is the goal of interpretivist research?

Answer 22

verstehen

Question 23

What does verstehen mean?

Answer 23

german term for “understanding”

Question 24

constructivist inquiry is conducted is determined by a ___________ _______

Answer 24

hermeneutic circle

Question 25

Represents the dialectical process in which the researcher obtains information from multiple stakeholders in a setting, refines his or her understanding of the setting, and then tests that understanding with successive respondents?

Answer 25

hermeneutic circle

Question 26

Explain the process of a hermeneutic circle.

Answer 26

Goes from Respondent to Construct in a circular motion

Question 27

The final product of a hermeneutic circle is a ______ ________

Answer 27

case report

Question 28

What is a case report?

Answer 28

a report that helps the reader realize not only the states of affairs that are believed by constructors (research respondents) to exist but also of the underlying motives, feelings, and rationales leading to those beliefs