Chapter 1 - Outline Vocab

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the FORM of living things

Question 2

Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

science of macroscopic anatomy; studying large body structures visible with the naked eye

Question 3

Surface Anatomy

Answer 3

Study of the internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

Question 4

Regional Anatomy

Answer 4

considers the regions of the body such as head and the extremities and all the systems in the particular region

Question 5

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 5

gives attention to all the structures of a particular system in the body regardless of location

Question 6

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 6

concerned with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 7

Cytology

Answer 7

study of cells, their components, and their functions

Question 8

Histology

Answer 8

study of tissues and their functions

Question 9

Physiology

Answer 9

study of the FUNCTION of the parts that make up living things

Question 10

Cell Physiology

Answer 10

study of the individual cells themselves as they live out all the activites that characterize the larger organism

Question 11

Immunology

Answer 11

study of the cells of the body fight off and defend against disease

Question 12

Renal physiology

Answer 12

study of the function of the kidney in the production of urine

Question 13

cardiovascular physiology

Answer 13

examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

Question 14

Chemical level of organization

Answer 14

the least complex level, composed of atoms, smalles stable units of matter arranged to form molecules and compounds that possess specific functional properties and unique three-dimensional shapes

Question 15

Cellular level of organization

Answer 15

Interactions between molecules and compounds form the organelles of cells. Cells are the structural building block of all plants and animals, can be produced only from pre-existing cells, and are the smallest units capable of performing all vital life functions

Question 16

Tissue level of organization

Answer 16

Specialized groups of cells and cell products that work together to perform one or more specific functions

Question 17

Organ level of organization

Answer 17

Consists of two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions. The type of tissue that compose the organ dictates the function of the organ

Question 18

Organ system level of organization

Answer 18

Organs interact to form organ systems. Organs and the organ systems they compose perform vital life functions of the body

Question 19

Integumentary System

Answer 19

Composed of skin, hair and nails. external support and protection of the body and temperature regulation

Question 20

Skeletal System

Answer 20

composed of bones; internal support and flexible framework for body movement, forms blood cells, and stores minerals

Question 21

Muscular system

Answer 21

composed of muscles attached to the skeleton; locomotion, support, and body heat production

Question 22

Respiratory System

Answer 22

composed of hte lungs, trachea, larynx and nasal passages; exchage of respirator gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the air and circulation blood

Question 23

Circulatory system

Answer 23

composed of heart and blood vessels; internal nutrients and oxygen to body cells while wastes and carbon dioxide are transported away from body cells

Question 24

Lymphatic/Immune System

Answer 24

composed of the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow, and tonsils; houses the immune system cells of the body, provides protection against infection and disease, transports tissue fluid (called lymph) and absorbs fats

Question 25

Endocrine System

Answer 25

composed of hormone secreting glands such as the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal , etc; secretion of hormones that direct long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems

Question 26

Urinary System

Answer 26

Composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; filters the blood to remove nitrogenous wastes, eliminates excess water, salts and waste products and controls pH and electrolyte balance

Question 27

Digestive system

Answer 27

Composed of the salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver and gallbladder. Intake, breakdown and absorption of food in order to acquire nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water and the elimination of feces

Question 28

Reproductive System

Answer 28

Composed of ovaries, uterus, vagina and mammary glands in females AND the testes, scrotum, prostate gland, seminal vesicles and penis in the male; production of sperm and egg as well as secretion of sex hormones copulation

Question 29

Organism

Answer 29

living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life.

Question 30

Biology

Answer 30

Study of life

Question 31

Responsiveness

Answer 31

ability to sense and detect both internal and external stimuli and to generate a response appropriate to that stimulus

Question 32

Adaptability

Answer 32

change in organisms behavior, capabilities, or structure in order to survive in a sonstantly changing world

Question 33

Growth and Reproduction

Answer 33

increase in size and number

Question 34

Movement

Answer 34

coordinated, intentional change in location or positon

Question 35

Digestion

Answer 35

breakdown of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be easily absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 36

Metabolism

Answer 36

Sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions that take place in the body

Question 37

Anabolic reactions

Answer 37

synthesis reactions that typically use energy

Question 38

Catabolic reactions

Answer 38

reactions associated with breaking down substances and typically release energy

Question 39

Respiration

Answer 39

absorption and utilization of respiratory gases such as oxygen or carbon dioxide

Question 40

Circulation

Answer 40

transport of fluids within the organism

Question 41

Excretion

Answer 41

removing chemical wastes produced during metabolism

Question 42

Macronutrients

Answer 42

nutrients the human body needs a large supply of

Question 43

micronutrients

Answer 43

nutrients the human body needs in very small amounts

Question 44

Hyperthermia

Answer 44

if body is overheated for a prolonged period of time it can lead to heat stroke and death

Question 45

Hypothermia

Answer 45

if the body is to cold it can lead to shock and death

Question 46

Pressure

Answer 46

force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

Question 47

Homeostasis

Answer 47

state of equilibrium or balance Maintaining a "steady state" constancy within narrow limits vital to organism's survival Homeostatic control is not precise- maintains normal range rather than absolute value

Question 48

Receptor (Homeostasis)

Answer 48

detects changes in either the internal or external environment, or stimulus

Question 49

Control Center (Homeostasis)

Answer 49

receives and process the information supplies by the receptor and sends out commands

Question 50

Effector (Homeostasis)

Answer 50

responds to the commands by opposing the stimulus

Question 51

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 51

Shuts off or reduces the original stimulus Helps to stabilize situation; essential for maintaining homeostasis body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate and depth and blood-glucose levels

Question 52

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Answer 52

accelerate the process to completion amplify and reinforce a change brought on by the stimulus blood clotting, labor contractions

Question 53

Anabolism

Answer 53

Process wereby smaller, simpler molecules are combined into larger, more complex substances

Question 54

Catabolism

Answer 54

Process by which larger more complex substances are broken down into smaller, simpler molecules. Releases energy