Chapter 1 Notes

Question 1

-the study of matter and the changes it goes through

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

-the study of matter excluding carbon compounds

Answer 2

inorganic chemistry

Question 3

-carbon-based chemistry, excluding carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), and carbonates

Answer 3

organic chemistry

Question 4

-focuses on energy/matter relationships

Answer 4

physical chemistry

Question 5

-identification of components

Answer 5

analytical chemistry

Question 6

-using math and computers to predict properties of new substances

Answer 6

theoretical chemistry

Question 7

What type of research is for the sake of increasing knowledge (“just to know”)?

Answer 7

basic research

Question 8

What type of research is for the sake of solving problems? (there is a reason to know)

Answer 8

Applied research

Question 9

What type of research is for advancement and the application of knowledge for practical use?

Answer 9

Technological

*this commonly overlaps with applied research

Question 10

-anything that has mass and takes up space

Answer 10

matter

Question 11

-amount of material in a substance

Answer 11

mass

Question 12

What instrument is used to measure mass?

Answer 12

A balance scale

Question 13

-the amount of space a substance takes up

Answer 13

volume

Question 14

What instrument is used to measure volume?

Answer 14

A graduated cylinder

Question 15

A solid’s shape and volume are both ________.

Answer 15

definite

Question 16

A gas’s shape and volume are both __________.

Answer 16

indefinite

Question 17

A liquid’s shape is the _____ __ ___ _________, while it’s volume is ________.

Answer 17

A liquid’s shape is the shape of it’s container, while it’s volume is definite.

Question 18

Energy _________ from each state: solid to liquid to gas.

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

Van Der Waals Forces _________ from each state: solid to liquid to gas.

Answer 19

decreases

Question 20

A solid’s molecular structure is what?

Answer 20

Packed tightly

Question 21

A liquid’s molecular structure is what?

Answer 21

Loose but touching

Question 22

A gas’s molecular structure is what?

Answer 22

In constant motion

Question 23

-free available space

Answer 23

diffusion

Question 24

-forces of attraction between particles

If weak, they change state easily

Answer 24

Van Der Waals Forces

Question 25

- a property that is observed during a chemical change (a new substance forms) ex. flammable, copper burning green

Answer 25

Chemical property

Question 26

- a property observed without changing the identity of the substance ex. color, shape, state, magnetic

Answer 26

Physical property

Question 27

- property that doesn't depend on the amount of substance present; used for identification ex. color, boiling point, density

Answer 27

Intensive

Question 28

- property that depends on the amount of material | ex. mass, volume, weight

Answer 28

Extensive

Question 29

- change where no new substance forms | ex. crush, tear, shattered glass, a change in state

Answer 29

Physical change

Question 30

melting

Answer 30

solid to liquid

Question 31

freezing

Answer 31

liquid to solid

Question 32

boiling

Answer 32

liquid to gas (throughout solution)

Question 33

evaporation

Answer 33

liquid to gas (surface only)

Question 34

condensation

Answer 34

gas to liquid

Question 35

sublimation

Answer 35

solid to gas

Question 36

deposition

Answer 36

gas to solid

Question 37

-change that relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances Often, a new substance forms reactants to products

Answer 37

chemical change

Question 38

-Law stating that Matter cannot be created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions (excludes nuclear)

Answer 38

Law of Conservation of Mass

Question 39

-recording values with all known numbers plus one estimated place

Answer 39

significant figures

Question 40

- closeness to the true value | i. e. hitting close to the bullseye

Answer 40

accuracy

Question 41

- reproducing the same results | i. e. hitting the top of the target consistently

Answer 41

precision

Question 42

-ability to do work | Measured in joules

Answer 42

energy

Question 43

-the release of energy (gets hotter)

Answer 43

exothermic

Question 44

-the absorption of energy (gets colder)

Answer 44

endothermic

Question 45

How many known elements are there?

Answer 45

118

Question 46

How many natural elements are there?

Answer 46

90

Question 47

-mixture with different properties throughout

Answer 47

heterogenous

Question 48

-mixture with the same properties throughout

Answer 48

homogenous

Question 49

-smallest particle of a compound to keep the properties of the compound

Answer 49

molecule

Question 50

-2 or more elements that are chemically combined (bonded) which makes their own unique properties

Answer 50

compound

Question 51

-simplest pure substance

Answer 51

element

Question 52

-smallest part of an element to retain the properties of an element

Answer 52

atom

Question 53

-substance with a fixed composition

Answer 53

pure substance

Question 54

-two or more substances physically combined

Answer 54

mixture

Question 55

Columns on the periodic table are also called what?

Answer 55

families/groups

Question 56

Column I A

Answer 56

Alkali metals

Question 57

Column II A

Answer 57

Alkaline Earth metals

Question 58

Column III A

Answer 58

Boron family

Question 59

Column IV A

Answer 59

Carbon family

Question 60

Column V A

Answer 60

Nitrogen family

Question 61

Column VI A

Answer 61

Oxygen family

Question 62

Column VII A

Answer 62

Halogens

Question 63

Column VIII A

Answer 63

Noble gases

Question 64

The noble gases (VIII A) are ____, or they do not react.

Answer 64

inert