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Chemistry (My Deck) > Chapter 1 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

-the study of matter and the changes it goes through

A

chemistry

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2
Q

-the study of matter excluding carbon compounds

A

inorganic chemistry

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3
Q

-carbon-based chemistry, excluding carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), and carbonates

A

organic chemistry

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4
Q

-focuses on energy/matter relationships

A

physical chemistry

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5
Q

-identification of components

A

analytical chemistry

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6
Q

-using math and computers to predict properties of new substances

A

theoretical chemistry

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7
Q

What type of research is for the sake of increasing knowledge (“just to know”)?

A

basic research

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8
Q

What type of research is for the sake of solving problems? (there is a reason to know)

A

Applied research

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9
Q

What type of research is for advancement and the application of knowledge for practical use?

A

Technological

*this commonly overlaps with applied research

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10
Q

-anything that has mass and takes up space

A

matter

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11
Q

-amount of material in a substance

A

mass

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12
Q

What instrument is used to measure mass?

A

A balance scale

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13
Q

-the amount of space a substance takes up

A

volume

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14
Q

What instrument is used to measure volume?

A

A graduated cylinder

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15
Q

A solid’s shape and volume are both ________.

A

definite

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16
Q

A gas’s shape and volume are both __________.

A

indefinite

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17
Q

A liquid’s shape is the _____ __ ___ _________, while it’s volume is ________.

A

A liquid’s shape is the shape of it’s container, while it’s volume is definite.

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18
Q

Energy _________ from each state: solid to liquid to gas.

A

increases

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19
Q

Van Der Waals Forces _________ from each state: solid to liquid to gas.

A

decreases

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20
Q

A solid’s molecular structure is what?

A

Packed tightly

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21
Q

A liquid’s molecular structure is what?

A

Loose but touching

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22
Q

A gas’s molecular structure is what?

A

In constant motion

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23
Q

-free available space

A

diffusion

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24
Q

-forces of attraction between particles

If weak, they change state easily

A

Van Der Waals Forces

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25
Q
  • a property that is observed during a chemical change (a new substance forms)
    ex. flammable, copper burning green
A

Chemical property

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26
Q
  • a property observed without changing the identity of the substance
    ex. color, shape, state, magnetic
A

Physical property

27
Q
  • property that doesn’t depend on the amount of substance present; used for identification
    ex. color, boiling point, density
A

Intensive

28
Q
  • property that depends on the amount of material

ex. mass, volume, weight

A

Extensive

29
Q
  • change where no new substance forms

ex. crush, tear, shattered glass, a change in state

A

Physical change

30
Q

melting

A

solid to liquid

31
Q

freezing

A

liquid to solid

32
Q

boiling

A

liquid to gas (throughout solution)

33
Q

evaporation

A

liquid to gas (surface only)

34
Q

condensation

A

gas to liquid

35
Q

sublimation

A

solid to gas

36
Q

deposition

A

gas to solid

37
Q

-change that relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

Often, a new substance forms
reactants to products

A

chemical change

38
Q

-Law stating that Matter cannot be created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions (excludes nuclear)

A

Law of Conservation of Mass

39
Q

-recording values with all known numbers plus one estimated place

A

significant figures

40
Q
  • closeness to the true value

i. e. hitting close to the bullseye

A

accuracy

41
Q
  • reproducing the same results

i. e. hitting the top of the target consistently

A

precision

42
Q

-ability to do work

Measured in joules

A

energy

43
Q

-the release of energy (gets hotter)

A

exothermic

44
Q

-the absorption of energy (gets colder)

A

endothermic

45
Q

How many known elements are there?

A

118

46
Q

How many natural elements are there?

A

90

47
Q

-mixture with different properties throughout

A

heterogenous

48
Q

-mixture with the same properties throughout

A

homogenous

49
Q

-smallest particle of a compound to keep the properties of the compound

A

molecule

50
Q

-2 or more elements that are chemically combined (bonded) which makes their own unique properties

A

compound

51
Q

-simplest pure substance

A

element

52
Q

-smallest part of an element to retain the properties of an element

A

atom

53
Q

-substance with a fixed composition

A

pure substance

54
Q

-two or more substances physically combined

A

mixture

55
Q

Columns on the periodic table are also called what?

A

families/groups

56
Q

Column I A

A

Alkali metals

57
Q

Column II A

A

Alkaline Earth metals

58
Q

Column III A

A

Boron family

59
Q

Column IV A

A

Carbon family

60
Q

Column V A

A

Nitrogen family

61
Q

Column VI A

A

Oxygen family

62
Q

Column VII A

A

Halogens

63
Q

Column VIII A

A

Noble gases

64
Q

The noble gases (VIII A) are ____, or they do not react.

A

inert

Chemistry (My Deck) (8 decks)

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