Chapter 1: lymphocytes

Question 1

what do lymphocytes do?

Answer 1

Increase the power and focus of the immune response

Question 2

Lymphocytes are part of what?

Answer 2

adaptive immune response

Question 3

How are Lymphocytes programmed?

Answer 3

programmed to make a single species of cell-surface receptor that recognizes a particular molecular structure. each lymphocyte makes receptors of different specificity so that the population lymphocytes of millions of such receptors all recognizing different structures allowing all pathogens to be recognized.

Question 4

Lymphocytes allow the adaptive immune system to recognize what?

Answer 4

Specific pathogens; recognize E.coli from influenza for example

Question 5

what is colonal selection?

Answer 5

Only individual antigen specific lymphocytes that recognize the infecting pathogens are selected to participate in the adaptive response to proliferate and differentiate by stimulation of antigen

Question 6

What is colonal Expansion?

Answer 6

Multiplication (proliferation and differentiation) of antigen specific lymphocytes chosen in colonal selction.

Question 7

Are lymphocytes effector cells?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

what gives rise to lymphocytes each with different specificity?

Answer 8

Progenitor cell

Question 9

How lymphocyte receptors encoded for specificity?

Answer 9

Genes cutting, splicing and modification during lymphocyte development.

Question 10

what does the adaptive immune response look lime

Answer 10

• cell surface receptors used by lymphocytes recognize pathogens
• Highly pathogen specificity (require cutting and splicing)
• Only cells with pathogen specific receptors participate
• Clonal selection and clonal expansion.

Question 11

Lack of adaptive response can lead to what?

Answer 11

failure to clear infection.

Question 12

what is the importance of some lymphocytes selected during an adaptive immune response persisting in the body after infection?

Answer 12

• Provides long term immunologic memory of the pathogen.
• Allows subsequent encounters with the same pathogen to elicit a stronger and faster immune response which terminates the infection with minimal illness.

Question 13

The selected lymphocytes persisting in the body after infection allows for what?

Answer 13

Acquired or protective immunity (adaptive immunity provided by immunological memory).