Chapter 1/Lesson 3 Protists

Question 1

Definition of Protists

Answer 1

Eukaryotes that can not be classified as plant, animals or fungii.

Question 2

Heterotrophs

Answer 2

Characteristic of an organism that can not produce their own food, but can consume other organisms.

Question 3

Autrophs

Answer 3

Characteristic of an organism that can produce their own food.

Question 4

Protists

Answer 4

Are all Eurkaryotes and live in wet environment. All their genetic material is contains in a nucleus.

Question 5

Three categories of Protists

Answer 5

Animal, Plant and Fungii

Question 6

Sarcodines

Answer 6

A type of protozoan that move and feed by forming pseudopods.

Question 7

Pseudopod

Answer 7

Means false foot. Used by Sarcodines to move and trap food particles and pull it inside a cell.

Question 8

Flagellate Protozoan

Answer 8

Type of Protozoan that use long flagellate

Question 9

What is Guardia?

Answer 9

Type of Flagellates that cause intestine issue in their host. Lives in fresh water, and enters a host when the animal drinks water. Causes intestine issues in hikers.

Question 10

Ciliate Protozoan

Answer 10

Type of Protozoan that have a structure called cilia, hairline projects, that help move the organism. Also help sweep food into the organism.

Question 11

Paramecium Protozoan

Answer 11

Type of Protozoan that has two nuclei. Reproduce by conjugation (two join and exchange genetic material).

Question 12

Parasite Protozoan

Answer 12

Group of Protozoan characterized by the way they live. Example: Plasmodium that caused malaria, used Humans and Mesquites in its life cycle.

Question 13

Plant Protists

Answer 13

Commonly called Algae. Very diverse group, unicellular or multi-cellular. Most are able to use the suns energy. Play an important role in many environments. Contributes to the Earth’s oxygen. Come in many colors; green, black, yellow, red or orange.

Question 14

Pigments

Answer 14

Chemicals that produce color.

Question 15

Euglenoids

Answer 15

Type of plant protist that uses the sun for energy, but will convert to Heterotrophs and consume other organisms. Some use wipe like flagellum. Often have a red eye spot, that uses pigments to recognize light source.

Question 16

Dinoflagellates

Answer 16

Unicellular algae, that have an external structure that acts as armor. Often twirl like tops as they move in water. Some will light up when disturbed by a boat or swimmer in the night.

Question 17

Diatoms

Answer 17

Unicellular protists with glass like cell wall. Source of food for other protists in the water. When they die their cell walls collect on the bottom.

Question 18

Diatomaceous Earth

Answer 18

Earth material formed by layers of dead diatoms in water. Used for house cleaning products and insecticide products.

Question 19

Red Algae

Answer 19

Multicellular protists found in the form of sea.

Question 20

Carrageenan & Agar

Answer 20

Products extracted from Red Algae that is extracted and used for food products.

Question 21

Brown Algae

Answer 21

Common seaweeds. Comes in different colors. Has many plant like structures. Holdfasts help the algae attach to rocks. Some have stem like structures to give it sharp, and some have air bags to help it remain afloat.

Question 22

Characteristics of Fungi Protists

Answer 22

Protists that eat other protists. Have cell walls and use spores to reproduce. All are able to move at some point in their lives. Types: Slime molds, water molds and downy mildews.

Question 23

Slime Molds

Answer 23

Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms. Can range in size from very small to very large. Begin live cycle as a small cell, that use pseudopods to feed and move around. Sometimes for large masses of cells.

Question 24

Water Molds

Answer 24

Type of protists that live in water or wet places. Often grow as tiny threads or fuzz. Often attach food crops. Became famous when it contributed to the Potato famine in Ireland.

Question 25

Fungi

Answer 25

1. Type of Eurkaryote with cell walls. 2. Absorb their food. 3. Reproduce using food. 4. Live in wet places. Range in size form small to very large multi-cellular organisms.

Question 26

Definition of Hyphae

Answer 26

Arrangement of cells in Fungi. Branching threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of fungi. Formed of cytoplasm. The appearance of a fungi are determined by the structure of the hyphae. Absorb food using hyphae by growing into the food source. Hyphae use digestive fluids to break down a food source.

Question 27

How do Fungi repoduce

Answer 27

Sexual and Asexual Production. Make spores to product new copies of the parent. Spores move via water or air.

Question 28

Fruiting Body

Answer 28

Structure in a fungi that product spores for reproduction. Range in size from very small to very large.

Question 29

Asexual Fungi Reproduction

Answer 29

When food is available, fungi grow hyphae that have cells that can split and form a new organism. Unicellular yeast produce via budding, by forming small groups of cells that breaks away to form a new organism.

Question 30

Sexual Fungi Reproduction

Answer 30

When conditions are not good, fungii from two organsims can grow together and share genetic material.

Question 31

Type of Fungi

Answer 31

Sac, Club and Zygote. Describe the reproductive methods.

Question 32

Role of Fungi in Soil

Answer 32

Live in the soil and help break down dead plants and animals.

Question 33

Yeast

Answer 33

Type of fungii used in baking to make bread rise. Yeast cells consume bread material and generate gas needed to make the break full of holes.

Question 34

Fungi Sources of Food

Answer 34

Used to convert milk to cheese; blue cheese.

Question 35

Good Fungi

Answer 35

Some Fungi help the human body fight disease. Some fungi are able to product a substance that kills bacteria. Lead to the development of Penicillin to tread bacterial infections.

Question 36

Bad Fungi

Answer 36

Some fungi cause disease in plants. Sac fungus caused Dutch Elm Disease in trees. Impact rice, cotton and soy bans. Come cause disease in humans; Ring worm, Athletes foot. All can be treated with anti-fungal medication.

Question 37

Fungi and Plants

Answer 37

Some Fungi help plants when their Hyphae grow into the plant structure or roots. Come plants can not survive without the help of fungi.

Question 38

Lichen

Answer 38

Type of Fungi or algae that live together in a relationship that benefits both organisms. The algae gets shelter, water and good from the fungus.