Chapter 1. IS Flashcards
IT
any tool that people use to work with info and support the info processing needs of the org
Information system
collects, processes, stores, analyzes and gives out info for a specific purpose
continuous computing
informed user
someone knowledgable about IS and IT
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
using IT to improve intracompany relationships
-> improve employee engagagement/customer engagnement/partenrships
CIO
Cheif information officer- responsible for all strategic planning
IS director
manafer all org systems and day to day operationos
Info centre manager
manages is services like help desks, hot lines, traiinging, consulting
applications dev manager
coordinate and manages new systemd development projects
project manager
managers a particular new systems dev project
systems analyst
interfaces b/w users and programmers, determines info requirments and technica lspecs fo new applications
business analyst
focuses on designing solutions for business problems, interfaces closely w users to demonstrate the innovativ e uses of IT
EVOLUTION OF MIS
At first, only MIS department used and owned thhe computing resource “the mainframe”
end users did not interact w the mainframe
now computers everywehere, so end-user computing is very common
Modern MIS department vs end user responsibiltity
MIS department responsible for corporate level and shared resources,
end users reposible for departmental resourcees
traditional fuctions of MIS department
-manage systems dev and project management
-managing computer operations
-staffing trainign and dev IS skills
-providing technical sercies
-infrastructure planning dev, control
new function of MIS department (consultative)
-intiating and designing speifc straegies IS
-(Needs of end user will mandate development of new strategic IS)
-
You will decide which strategic systems you need (because you know your business needs and requirements better than the MIS department does), and you will provide input into developing these systems.
Incorporating the Internet and electronic commerce into the business
As an end user, you will be primarily responsible for effectively using the Internet and electronic commerce in your business. You will work with the MIS department to accomplish these tasks.
Managing system integration, including the Internet, intranets, and extranets
As an end user, your business needs will determine how you want to use the Internet, your corporate intranets, and extranets to accomplish your goals. You will be primarily responsible for advising the MIS department on the most effective use of the Internet, your corporate intranets, and extranets.
Educating the non-MIS managers about IT
Your department will be primarily responsible for advising the MIS department on how best to educate and train your employees about IT.
Educating the MIS staff about the business
Communications between the MIS department and business units is a two-way street. You will be responsible for educating the MIS staff on your business, its needs and requirements, and its goals.
Partnering with business unit executives
Essentially, you will be in a partnership with the MIS department. You will be responsible for seeing that this partnership is one “between equals” and ensuring its success.
Managing outsourcing
Outsourcing is driven by business needs. Therefore, the outsourcing decision resides largely with the business units (i.e., with you). The MIS department, working closely with you, will advise you on technical issues such as communications bandwidth and security.
Proactively using business and technical knowledge to see innovative ideas about using IT
Your business needs will often drive innovative ideas about how to effectively use information systems to accomplish your goals. The best way to bring these innovative uses of IS to life is to partner closely with your MIS department. Such close partnerships have amazing synergies!
Creating business alliances with business partners
The needs of your business unit will drive these alliances, typically along your supply chain. Again, your MIS department will act as your advisor on various issues, including hardware and software compatibility, implementing extranets, communications, and security.
So, where do the end users come in? Take a close look at Table 1.2. Under the traditional MIS functions, you will see two functions for which you provide vital input: managing systems development and infrastructure planning. Under the consultative MIS functions, in contrast, you exercise the primary responsibility for each function, while the MIS department acts as your advisor.
So, where do the end users come in? Take a close look at Table 1.2. Under the traditional MIS functions, you will see two functions for which you provide vital input: managing systems development and infrastructure planning. Under the consultative MIS functions, in contrast, you exercise the primary responsibility for each function, while the MIS department acts as your advisor.
Data Items- defintion
elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions
numbers, letters, figures, sounds, images
EX: Collections of numbers (3.00, 2.12, 4.0)
Information- definition
refers to data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient
rather than meaningless numbers all day, we assocaite gpa with students names
knowledge
data and/or info that have been organized and processed to convey understanding to a problem
EX: company recruiting at your school has found over time that students with grade point averages over 3.0 have experienced the greatest success in its management program. Based on this accumulated knowledge, that company may decide to interview only those students with GPAs over 3.0. This is an example of knowledge because the company utilizes information—GPAs—to address a business problem—hiring successful employees.
DATA VS INNFO VS KNOLWEDGE (insights)
EX: SCHOOL
Data: 3.04 / 2.10
Info: Jon James +3.04 / Kendra Allen + 2.10
Knowledge: hired for a job/ poor grad school prospects
DATA: NO CONTEXT
INFO: ONE CONTECT= UNI
KNOWLEDGE: using info to solve a problem
Computer based info system
info system that uses computer tech to perform some or all tasks
now, inherently all info systems are computer based
first four elements of CBIS
IT COMPONENTS:
Hardware
software
database
network
What does a CBIS diagram look like
There are 4 IT Components on the outside:
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
NETWORK
DATABASE
The centre is the CBIS
the arrows connecting 4 IT components to CBIS are the “procedures”
Hardware- defintion
devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, printer
these devices acceot, porcess, and display data and info
Software- defintion
is a program or collection of programs that enables the hardware to process data
Databse- defintion
collection of related files or tables containing data
Network- defintion
connecting system (wirline or wireless) enabling multilppe computers to SHARE RESOURCES
Procedures- defintion
instructions for combining thes components to process info and generate the desired output
people use the hardware and software, interface with it, or utiliize its output
people use the hardware and software, interface with it, or utiliize its output
//// Starting at the bottom of the figure, you see that the IT components of hardware, software, networks (wireline and wireless), and databases form the information technology platform. IT personnel use these components to develop information systems, oversee security and risk, and manage data. These activities cumulatively are called information technology services. The IT components plus IT services compose the organization’s information technology infrastructure. At the top of the pyramid are the various organizational information systems
illustrates how these components are integrated to form the wide variety of information systems found within an organization. Starting at the bottom of the figure, you see that the IT components of hardware, software, networks (wireline and wireless), and databases form the information technology platform. IT personnel use these components to develop information systems, oversee security and risk, and manage data. These activities cumulatively are called information technology services. The IT components plus IT services compose the organization’s information technology infrastructure. At the top of the pyramid are the various organizational information systems
Application defintion
computer program designed to support a specific task
EXAMPLES: HR department IT app
HRIS!
EXAMPLES: FINANCE DEPARTMETN IT APP
FINANCES IS
What is the collection of application program in a single department called
functional area info system / DEPARTMENT INFO SYSTEM
hris
what can info system do
1) perform high speed high volume numerical computations
2) store huge amounts of info in easy access space
3) analyze and interpret lots of data quickly and efficienyly
In Sales and Marketing, managers use info tech to perform what fucntions
1) product analysis: developing new g/s
2) site analysis: find th ebest location for production and distribution
3) promo analysis: identify best advertising channes
4) price analysis: setting product prives to max revenue
2 info systems that support the entire org
ERP
TPS
ERP
Enterprise resource planning systems
What is an ERP
software used to manage day to day activities (across different FAIS like accounitng marketing sales eetc)
puts all the different ISs into one database
TPS
Transaction processing sstem
What is a TPS
- monitoring, collection, storag eand processing of data relating to business transactions
basically this is a record of company activities (can be things like financial transactions to changing ANY PART OF A COMPANYS DATABASE)
FAIS
functional area info systems
what did ERP do
increase productivity
How does the TPS Collect data
real time, as soon as data is generated
ALL ERP SYSTEMS ARE TPS, BUT NOT ALL TPS ARE ERP SYSTEMS
ALL ERP SYSTEMS ARE TPS, BUT NOT ALL TPS ARE ERP SYSTEMS
Difference between ERP + TPS and IOS
Erp and TPS are focused on one org
IOS is focussed on 2+ orgs
IOS meaning
interrorganizational info systems
many operations, EX: sypply chain management
ecommer systems
allow transactions to occur (B2B and B2C)
Clerical workers
support managers at all levels
bookeepers sercetaties etc
Low level amangers
day to day operational leaders
middle manafers
make tactical decisions, short term planning organizing and control
knowledge workers
pro employees like analysts engineers accountatns
What do knowledge workers do
they advise middle managers and execs
executivies
make decisions that deal w the whole business
such as making a new product line etc
what does FAIS do
summarize data and prepare reports for middle managers and somethimes lower level managers
RPGs (Reprot generators) are very important to IS
Business analytics systmes/ BI systems
give computer based support for complex decisions
for middle managers and knoweldge workers mostly
expert systems
strive to duplicate the work of human experts, try to use reasonign capabilities and expertise
EX: NAVIGATION SYSTEMS In maps
Dashboard
present structured and summarized info about aspects of business - for executivies
ex: status of product sales
does it reduce the number of middle managers
- makes managers more productive
-increases # of eployees wh o can report to one manager - therefore decreass # of maangers
how has IT changed managers jobs
1) manager shave real time info, means less time to make decisions
2) more tools and resources
3)remote work
ergonomics
desiging machines in work settings to minimize injury and illness
does IT allow middle managers to be more productive
yes
does IT allow more employees to reprot ot one manager
yes
does IT eliminate jobs?
yes, but also creates new ones@
4 impacts of IT to society
1) affects quality of life (always on)
2) robot revolution
3) impacts health care
4) emergence of cognitive computing (IBM watsom)
what does a tps do
process/stroe transactions
collect transactions
monitor transactions
