Chapter 1 - Introduction to Psychology

Question 1

biological

Answer 1

focus on the body, specifically the brain (the physical basis of all thoughts and emotions) and nervous system (structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry)

Question 2

behavioral

Answer 2

focus on visible interactions with the environment, what people do (not what they think/feel), behavior is the result of environmental determinants, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner

Question 3

psychodynamic

Answer 3

focus on unconscious thought, Sigmund Freud, behavior driven by: unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses, conflict between biological drives and demands of society, early childhood family experiences, psychoanalysis - unlocking unconscious conflicts

Question 4

humanistic

Answer 4

focus on positive human qualities, behavior not controlled by environment or unconscious impulses, people have the capacity to choose their behavior - free will, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, working towards the best version of ourselves, hierarchy of needs, connecting with others

Question 5

cognitive

Answer 5

focus on cognitions and mental processing, mental processes (attention, perception, memory, problem-solving), information processing (how humans interpret incoming information, weigh it, store it, and apply it), consciousness (inner, mental life), cognitive-behavioral approach - one of the most effective forms of treatment

Question 6

evolutionary

Answer 6

focus on evolution as origin of behavior, evolutionary explanations (adaptation, reproduction, natural selection), Charles Darwin, David Buss

Question 7

sociocultural

Answer 7

focus on social and cultural environments, understanding behavior requires knowing about the cultural context in which the behavior occurs, comparing cultures between ethnic and cultural groups and within/across countries

Question 8

psychology

Answer 8

scientific study of behavior (response toward our environment) and mental processes - things we can do with our mind