Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ONLINE PHYSIOLOGY > Chapter 1: Homeostasis > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

the study of how the body functions. Many levels and integration (work together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pathophysiology

A

the physiologic basis of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Levels of organization

A

1) chemical
2) organelles
3) cells
4) tissues
5) organs
6) organ systems
7) organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chemical level of organization

A

most simple level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cells

A

basic structural and functional units of life (differentiate during development)
- 4 main types: muscle, nerve, connective tissue, and epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscle cells

A

contract and generate movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nerve cells

A

initiate and conduct electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

A

connect, anchor, and support structures in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epithelial Cells

A
  • Selective, secretion, and absorption of ions and organic molecules and for protection.
  • Cover and line the body’s surface.
  • Make glands and form absorptive cells in intestines and kidneys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of differentiated cells with similar properties

- 4 types: muscle (skeletal muscle/cardiac muscle/smooth muscle), nerve tissue, connective tissue, epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscle Tissues

A
  • contract and generate movement of certain muscles

- 3 types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

movement of entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

contraction of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

movement of internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nerve tissue

A

makes up brain, spinal cord, and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Connective tissue

A

bone, cartilage, and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

covers and lines body and lines organs and intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Organs

A

structures composed of 2+ tissues that perform a specific function and usually have a recognizable shape (i.e. heart, brain, lungs, liver, kidneys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Functional Units of Organs

A

responsible for performing actual function of the organ (i.e. the nephron of a kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Organ systems

A

collection of organs that work together to perform an overall function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Organism

A

most complex level of organization. Collection of organ systems that work together.

22
Q

Internal environment

A

fluids that surround the cells and exist in blood

23
Q

Fluid compartments

A

extracellular and intracellular

24
Q

Extracellular fluid

A
  • outside the cell
  • plasma component: 20-25% fluid in blood vessel
  • interstitial fluid: 75-80% directly surrounds cells
25
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

fluid within cells

26
Q

Compartmentilization

A

achieved via barriers (regulation of the movement of substances between compartments)
- capillary membrane only lets certain things through

27
Q

Body water

A
  • 55-60% body weight in males (less in females because more fat and fat has less water in it)
  • 2/3 body water is intracellular, 1/3 extracellular
28
Q

Homeostasis

A
  • Maintenance of relatively stable internal environment
  • physiology variables maintained in narrow range of ‘normal’ that fluctuates around a setpoint
  • compensatory mechanisms restore conditions
  • dynamic process. Detects and responds to deviations in physio variables
29
Q

Negative feedback

A
  • MOST COMMON
  • response moves variable in opposite direction of original stimulus
  • moves back toward normal setpoint
30
Q

Positive feedback

A
  • exacerbates effect of original stimuli
  • accelerates a physiological pro
  • pregnant lady increases uterine contractions
31
Q

Feedforward Regulation

A
  • produces responses that improve the speed of homeostatic responses and minimizes deviation of the regulated variable from the set point
  • anticipates changes in regulated variables
  • minimizes distance to setpoint
32
Q

Resetting of set points

A
  • not all set points are static

- some may change or be reset for health purposes (i.e. get fever to kill viruses)

33
Q

Homeostatic control systems

A
  • are reflexes
34
Q

Reflex and reflex arcs

A
  • reflex: specific involuntary responses to a particular stimulus
  • reflex arc: pathway mediating the reflex with 3 components (receptor, integrating center, and effector)
35
Q

Stimulus

A

change in environment

36
Q

Receptor

A

detects change from stimuli

- very specific

37
Q

integrating center

A

recieves input from receptor and determines the change need to be made to fix it.
- determines the response

38
Q

Effector

A

produces the response that changes the variable (usually a muscle or gland)

39
Q

Response

A

actual response/change that occurs

40
Q

Organ system that controls homeostasis

A
  • nervous and endocrine systems
41
Q

Nervous system control of homeostasis

A

nerve reflexes

42
Q

Endocrine system control of homeostasis

A

hormones that circulate through blood and stimulate specific target cells
(i.e. endocrine systems = integrating center and hormones = effectors)

43
Q

Four chemical messengers that maintain homeostasis

A

hormones, neurotransmitters, paracrine substances, and autocrine substances

44
Q

Hormones and Neurotransmitters

A

systemic levels

45
Q

Paracrine substances

A
  • locally

- paracrine released into the interstitial fluid by cells and effect nearby cells

46
Q

Autocrine substances

A

affect the cells that release them

47
Q

Three states of total-body balance

A
  • negative balance
  • positive balance
  • stable balance
48
Q

Negative balance

A
  • loss exceeds gain (amount decreases overall)
49
Q

Positive balance

A
  • gain exceeds loss (amount increases overall)
50
Q

Stable balance

A
  • gain equals loss (amount stays the same)
51
Q

pool

A
  • body’s readily available quantity of substance (amount present in ECF)
  • total amount of substance in body depends on the relative rates of net gain and net loss for particular substance
  • pool concentration depends on both total amount of substance in the body and upon exchanges of the substance within the body
  • potential inputs and outputs can effect the pool of a material

ONLINE PHYSIOLOGY (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions