Chapter 1: Homeostasis Flashcards
Physiology VS Anatomy
Physiology: Study of Functions
- Why -> Teological
- How -> Mechanical
Anatomy: Study of Body Structure
What are the 4 Primary Tissues?
- Nervous
- Connective
- Epithelial
- Muscles
Describe Nervous Tissues
- CNS
- includes the spinal chord and brain - PNS
- 2 parts: from PNS to CNS and from CNS to PNS
Describe connective tissues
1) blood
2) bones
3) Tendons
4) Loose
- fills spaces and repairs (eg adipose fat)
Describe Epithelial Tissues
1) sheets that line the organs (eg skin)
2) glands
- exocrine (eg sweat)
- endocrine (eg hormones)
Describe muscle tissue
3 types
1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
What are the 11 organ systems
- Circulatory
- Respiratory
- Urinary
- Skeletal
- Digestive
- Muscular
- Integumentary
- Immune
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Reproductive
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Carry material around the body
What is the function of the digestive system?
- Break down food
- transfer water and electrolytes
- eliminate undigested food
What Is the function of the respiratory system?
- inhale oxygen
- exhale carbon dioxide
- maintain proper pH
What is the function of the urinary system?
- remove H2O, salt, acid, and other plasma wastes
What is the function of the skeletal system?
- supports
- storage
- movement
bone marrow is the source of all blood cells
What is the function of the muscular system?
Moves bones
What is the function of the integumentary system?
- protective barrier
- regulates body temperature
What is the function of the immune system?
- Protection
- repairs and replaces injured or worn out cells
What Is the function of the nervous system?
- coordinates bodily activities
- detects and initiates reactions
What Is the function of the endocrine system?
- regulates activities that require duration
What is the function of the reproductive system?
- essential for perpetuating the species
- Not essential for homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to function/survive (the body in a stable form)
Describe body fluids in relation to homeostasis
2 types:
1) Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
2) Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
- Interstitial Fluid (ISF) which is in between cells
- plasma which is blood minus WBCs and RBCs
Describe Controls in relation to Homeostasis
2 types:
1. Intrinsic (built in)
- self serving because they are innate
2. Extrinsic
- collaborative because they are outside
Describe Mechanisms in relation to homeostasis
2 Types
1. Feedforward (anticipation of a change)
- eg smell food -> saliva -> hungry
2. feed back
a) positive (reinforces)
- eg childbirth
b) negative (reverses)
- effector -> muscles
- control centre -> brain (hypothalamus)
- nerve cells -> nerve cells
