Chapter 1: Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Question 1

What is clinical psychology?

Answer 1

Branch of psychology that focuses on developing assessment strategies, interventions, prevention strategies to deal with the painful experiences that affect everyone’s lives
Science based

Question 2

_% of CAD adolescents and adults report symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of a mental disorder

Answer 2

1/10

Question 3

how many people suffer rom mental disorder?

Answer 3

1 in 5

Question 4

The economic burden of mental issues is second to

Answer 4

that of cardiovascular disorders

Question 5

At any given time, ____ people are suffering from a mental disorder, neurological or biological problem

Answer 5

450 million

Question 6

1 in every ___ people seeking help for mental disorder is unlikely to be treated/diagnosed

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Richard McFall

Answer 7

challenged clinical psychology field to to provide only services that research had shown to be safe and effective
- Manifesto for a science of clinical psych

Question 8

Evidence based practice

Answer 8

Involves the synthesis of info drawn from research and systematically collected data on the patient in question, the clinicians professional experience, and the patients preferences when considering health care options

Question 9

Counselling Psychology

Answer 9

traditionally provided services to individuals who were dealing with normal challenges in life; dealt with well adjusted people; commonly employed in Ed. settings, community clinics

Now: help people who are having trouble functioning

science based interventions
diagnose mental disorders

research focused on academic and minority adjustment issues

Question 10

School Psychology

Answer 10

specialized training in psychology and education
overlap with child clinical psych
attention to social, emotional, and medical factors in a context of learning ad development
school based prevention programs
11.4 per 100 000 pple in US

Question 11

psychiatry

Answer 11

MDs specilization
prescriptions
deals extensively with physiological and biochemical systems, and emphasizes biological functioning and abnormalities
little training in psych development, functioning, cognition, or learning
only 3% of MDs

Question 12

Which health are profession provides the most mental health services?

Answer 12

primary care physicians

Question 13

Clinical social work

Answer 13

focus on ways to improve health snd well being of individuals, families, groups and communities
case managers in mental health teams

Question 14

Canada has ____ psychologists and _____ psychiatrists per 100, 000 people

Answer 14

35

12

Question 15

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 15

theoretical framework that takes into account biological, psychological and social influences on health and illness

Question 16

Hippocrates

Answer 16

biopsychosocial approach

500-300 B C

Question 17

Plato

Answer 17

emphasized role of societal forces and psychological needs in the development and alleviation of mental disorders

Question 18

Aristotle

Answer 18

emphasized biological determinants in mental disorders

Question 19

St. Vincent de Paul

Answer 19

1500s

proposed that mental disorders were not caused by witchcraft or possession but by natural forces

Question 20

Phillipe Pinel

Answer 20

reformer
enlightenment
1700s
director of an asylum in Paris ordered that chains e removed from patients and that they be treated humanely

Question 21

William Tuke

Answer 21

advocated for development of hospitals based on ideas of appropriate care and established a country retreat where patients lived and worked
England
1700s

Question 22

Benjamin Rush

Answer 22

US
promoted moral therapy
encourage compassion

Question 23

Jean Martin Charcot

Answer 23

developer of clinical neurology

emphasis on psychological factors in hysteria, use of suggestion and hypnosis in treating this

Question 24

Emil Kraeplin

Answer 24

German psychiatrist
all mental disorders are due to biological factors, and that these causes could not be effectively treated with the primitive methods available
Devoted his life to the study and classification of mental disorders
- examined how various symptoms covaried
- coined the term “syndromes”
- identified schizophrenia -> dementia praecox

Question 25

Alfred Binet

Answer 25

french psychologist 
20th century 
- Binet simon scale of intelligence 
     - 50 tests of mental skills
      - ages 3-13
      - established norms

Question 26

Paul Meehl

Answer 26

1954 review of the relative strength of clinically and statistically based assessment
found that a purely clinical approach was inferior to a statistical approach

Question 27

Clinical utility

Answer 27

usefullness of assessment data to provide info that leads to a clinical outcome that is better (or faster or less expensive) than would be the case if the psychologist did not have the assessment data

Question 28

Services evaluation

Answer 28

activities designed to examine whether or not services work

Question 29

meta analysis

Answer 29

a review technique by which groups of studies can be statistically combined and compared

Question 30

efficacy

Answer 30

evidence that a treatment has been shown to work under research conditions that emphasized internal validity

Question 31

effectiveness

Answer 31

evidence that a treatment has been shown to work under real life conditions

Question 32

Carl Rodgers

Answer 32

rooted in the assumption that people were inherently capable of developing in a positive, healthy manner
humanistic approach
his book: counselling and psychotherapy

Question 33

Hans Eysenck

Answer 33

critiqued the effectiveness of psychotherapy
argued that rates of improvement among clients given either psychotherapy or eclectic therapy were comparable to rates of remission of symptoms among clients who received no therapy at all