Chapter 1: Brain Basics Flashcards
largest part of the human brain
cerebrum
bundle of fibers connecting two hemispheres of the brain
corpus collosum
surface of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
functions of the frontal lobe
higher cognitive skills, problem-solving, movement, speech, planning
functions of the parietal lobe
sensory signals, process taste, process visual info
functions of the occipital lobe
process visual information, recognize shapes and colours
location of the hippocampus
beneath the cerebral cortex
function of the hippocampus
encodes new memories
location of the amygdala
deep in the temporal lobe
function of the amygdala
integrates memory and emotion
structures deep within the brain that regulate emotion and motivation
limbic system
integrates sensoyr information
thalamus
sends hormonal signals to rest of the body
hypothalamus
structure the hypothalamus uses to send hormonal signals
pituitary gland
thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, cerebral cortex form the ___________
forebrain
location of midbrain
beneath thalamus
structures that help blinking and focusing
midbrain
regulates complex body movements
basal ganglia
plays roles in glucose regulation and sleep
hindbrain
second largest part of brain in volume
cerebellum
focus of the cerebellum
coordinates movements and motor skills
location of the pons
bellow the cerebellum
carries nerve pathways connecting the brain to the spinal cord
medulla
contains neural networks that help basic functions like swallowing and heart rate
medulla
midbrain, pons, and medulla form __________
brain stem
information in your brain moves from one place to another by
chains of neurons (neural networks)
two way circuit that connects thalamus with parts of the cortex and back
thalamocortical loop
machine used to detect electrical patterns
electroencephalograph (EEG)
waves created by awake brain
alpha and beta
frequencies of alpha and beta waves
8-13 Hz and 14-30 Hz
waves created by frontal and parietal regions of your brain
beta
waves produced by sleep
theta and delta
frequencies of theta and delta waves
4-7 Hz and 3.5 Hz
region of the brain packed with neural circuits
cereberal cortex
name of majority of neurons in the brain
excitatory
most common type of excitatory neuron
pyramidal cell (cone shaped
amount of dendrites on pyramidal cell
two
type of neuron that suppress the activity of neighbouring neurons (less common type)
inhibitory
condition that has imbalance of types of neurons
epilepsy
neurons with support cells are called
glia
what neuron type outnumbers other neurons
glia
four main types of glial cells
astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes
form a network inside the brain that regulates ion concentrations
astrocytes
immune cells of the brain
microglia
makes the fluid that cushions the brain
ependymal cells
wrap axons in a fatty myelin sheath
oligodendrocytes
resting voltage of neurons
-70mV
affected by signals arriving from other neurons in a circuit
membrane potential
substances acting like neurotransmitters
amino acids, gases, organic chemicals, and peptides
when neurotransmitters are broken down or absorbed by the axon terminal
reuptake
most common type of excitatory neurotransmitter
glutamate
small lipids that change the brain’s response to pain
prostagladins
suppress neurotransmitter release
neuromodulators
send the brain cues about the activity of the brain
hormones
