Chapter 1 (Basic Info.) Flashcards
What is kinsiology?
the study of movement
Define medial
location or position toward midline
Define lateral
location or position farther from the midline
Anterior (ventral)
front of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
back of the body
What is the difference of distal and proximal ?
Distal= away from trunk Proximal = toward the trunk
Define superior
(body part that is above another) or upper surface of an organ or structure
Define inferior
(body part that is below another) or lower surface of an organ or structure
What does cranial and caudal mean?
Cranial = head Caudal = tail
What does superficial and deep mean?
Superficial = at or on surface Deep= far down from top of surface
What does it mean if a person is lying supine?
A person is lying on their back (the face, or anterior surface, pointed upward)
What is prone position?
Person is lying on their stomach (the face, or anterior surface, facing downward)
What is linear motion
occurs in more or less straight line from one location to another
What is curvilinear motion?
movement that occurs in a curved path
what is angular/rotary motion?
Motion type in which an object moves around a fixed point (axis)
What is rectilinear motion?
movement occurs in a straight line
** Osteokinematics
relationship of bony movement
Ex. humerus moving on scapula; You can see it happening
**Arthrokinematics
relationship of joint surface
Ex. humeral head movement w/in gleniod fossa of scapula; you can’t see it
Define flexion
bending movement of one bone on another (Brings two segments closer together)
Define extension
straightening movement of one bone away from another; increases joint angle
What is hyperextension?
continuation of extension beyond anatomical position
only w/ shoulder, neck, hip, trunk
what is a palmer flexion?
flexion of the wrist
what is a plantar flexion?
flexion of ankle
What is a dorsiflexion?
extension at wrist or ankle joints
What is abduction and adduction?
Abduction = movement (away) from midline of body Adduction= movement toward midline
What is a circumduction movement?
combination of movements; circular cone shaped pattern
1) flexion, (2) abduction, (3) extension, (4) adduction
What is protraction?
mostly linear movement along plane parallel to the group/away from midline
(Ex. Reaching arms forward)
What is retraction?
mostly linear movement along plane but toward the midline
Ex. Pulling arms backward
What is anatomical position?
human body standing upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of the body w/palms facing forward
what is the fundamental position?
sames as anatomical except palms face the sides of the body
Bilateral
two or both sides
Contralateral
opposite sides
Ipsilateral
same side
shoulder horizontal abduction
Moving the arm perpendicular to the body and out to the side
Shoulder horizontal adduction
Moving the arm perpendicular to the body and back to the midline
Radial deviation
Wrist abduction with bending to the thumb side
Ulnar deviation
Wrist adduction with bending to the pinky side
Lateral bending
trunk moves sideways (bends)
Rotation
Movement of a bone or part around a longitudinal axis
Medial rotation
rotation toward midline
Lateral Rotation
Rotation away from the midline
Supination
Palm of hand facing forward/up
Pronation
Palm of hand facing back/down
what is inversion?
Moving the sole of the foot to face the midline (inward)
what is eversion?
Moving the sole of the foot to face away from the midline (outward)
what is elevation?
raising a part of the body such as jaw or shoulder
What is a depression?
lowering part of the body such as dropping jaw or shoulder
Define kinetics
those forces causing movement
Arm = Humerus
between shoulder and elbow joint (upper extremity)
forearm = (radius+ulna)
between elbow and wrist joint (upper extremity)
the hand is ___ to the wrist?
distal (Upper extremity)
Thigh= (femur)
between the hip and knee joint (lower extremity)
Leg = (tibia+fibula)
between the knee and ankle joint (lower extremity)
the foot is ___ to the ankle?
distal (lower extremity)
Thorax (chest)
made up of ribs, sternum, mostly thoracic vertebrae (trunk)
Abdomen (lower trunk)
made up of pelvis, stomach, and mostly lumbar vertebrae (trunk)
What is the neck and head?
Neck= Cervical vertebrae (separate segment) Head= Skull (separate segment)
what does a ligament do?
attaches bone to bone
what does a tendon do?
attaches muscle to bone
define torque
twisting force to (an object) usually causing a rotation
what is a rotator cuff?
a capsule with fused tendons that supports the arm at the shoulder joint
What is the patella?
knee cap
What is a eccentric contraction?
a type of active muscle contraction that occurs as the muscle fibers lengthen
what is kinematics?
time, space and mass aspects of a moving system
What is opposition?
movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand
