Ch. 3+4 (Articular System, Arthrokinematics)

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

connection between two bones

Question 2

What is the function of a joint?

Answer 2

1. Allows motion
2. Help bear the body’s weight
3. Provide sstability
4. Contains synovial fluid

Question 3

What does a joint contain?

Answer 3

Synovial fluid

Question 4

What does synovial fluid do?

Answer 4

1. Lubricates a joint
2. Nourishes cartilage
3. Allows for joint to move freely
4. Provides some shock absorption

Question 5

Thin or fibrous periosteum between two bones

Answer 5

Fibrous Joint
(suture, ligamentous, peg-in-socket)

Question 6

Bone ends interlock, no movement. Provides shape and stability.

Answer 6

Fibrous Joint; Suture

Ex. Bones in skull

Question 7

Small amount of twisting or stretching movement can occur. Hold joint together.

Answer 7

Fibrous Joint; Ligamentous

Distal tibiofibular

Question 8

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones. Allows very slight movement and stability.

Answer 8

Cartilaginous Joint
(Ex. symphysis pubis, intervertebral disc)

Question 9

No direct union between bone ends which allows free motion.

Answer 9

Synovial Joint 
(Ex. hip, elbow, knee)

Question 10

What are some synovial joint components?

Answer 10

1. cavity filled with synovial fluid
2. sleeve-like capsules (outer= holds joint together, Inner=secretes synovial fluid)
3. Articular surface smooth (covered with hyaline or articular cartilage)

Question 11

“bolting together”; tooth and socket joint.

No motion.

Answer 11

Fibrous; peg-in-socket

Ex. tooth in mandible

Question 12

Linear movement
Gliding motion
Joint surface flat
Plane joint

Answer 12

Nonaxial

Question 13

1 axis, 1 plane

hinge or pivot

Answer 13

Uniaxial

Question 14

2 axes, 2 planes

Condyloid or saddle

Answer 14

Biaxial

Question 15

3 axes, 3 planes

Ball and socket

Answer 15

Triaxial

Question 16

What does a tendon do?

Answer 16

Attaches muscle to bone

Question 17

What does a ligament do?

Answer 17

Attaches bone to bone

Question 18

What does the outer layer of a capsule do?

Answer 18

Provides support and protection

Question 19

What does the inner layer of a capsule do?

Answer 19

Has a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

Question 20

Can hyaline (articular) cartilage heal itself?

Answer 20

No because it lacks a blood supply, gets nutrition from synovial fluid

Question 21

Shock absorption, important for weight bearing joints

Answer 21

Fibrocartilage

Question 22

Withstands a great amount of pressure and tension

Answer 22

Cartilage

Question 23

What provides the contractile force that causes joints to move?

Answer 23

Muscles

Question 24

What type of muscle is a aponeurosis?

Answer 24

broad, flat tendinous sheet

Ex. Latissimus dorsi

Question 25

Describe the sagittal plane

Answer 25

Divides the body into right and left sides. | Movement= flexion, extension, protraction, retraction.

Question 26

Describe the frontal plane

Answer 26

Divides the body into front and back. | Movement= abduction, adduction, ulnar/radial deviation, inversion/eversion

Question 27

Describe the transverse plane

Answer 27

Divides the body into top and bottom parts. | Movement= medial/lateral rotation, Horizontal abd./add., Right and left rotation, pronation/supination

Question 28

What is osteokinematics ?

Answer 28

bony movement "can see it happening"

Question 29

What is arthrokinematic?

Answer 29

Joint surface movement "Cant see this happening"

Question 30

What is soft tissue approximation? [soft]

Answer 30

Soft tissue prevents further motion | Ex. elbow flexion- cant go further due to upper arm muscle

Question 31

What is a capsular end feel? [Firm]

Answer 31

Hard leather-like limitation of motion that has slight give. | Ex. flexion of shoulder has a spring feeling to it

Question 32

What is a bony end feel? [Hard]

Answer 32

Hard and abrupt limit to joint motion. When bone contacts bone. (Ex. elbow extension; try to push elbow it wont go anymore)

Question 33

What are the 3 types of arthrokinematic motion?

Answer 33

Roll, glide, spin

Question 34

Describe convex and concave

Answer 34

``` Convex= outward, rounded Concave= indentation, inward ```

Question 35

What is the convex-concave law?

Answer 35

* *Concave moves on convex it glides in the same direction. | * *Convex moves on concave motion it glides on opposite direction.

Question 36

Tightly compressed, difficult to mobilize, ligaments and capsule are taut

Answer 36

Close-packed position

Question 37

Parts of capsule and supporting ligaments are lax joint surface incongruent Allow for the roll, spin, and glide for normal joint motion

Answer 37

Open-packed/Loose-packed position

Question 38

What are the 3 accessory motion forces?

Answer 38

Traction, Approxiamtion, shear

Question 39

Occurs when external force is exerted on a joint causing the joint surfaces to be pulled apart

Answer 39

Traction = Distraction = Tension

Question 40

When an external force s exerted on a joint causing the joint surfaces to be pushed closer together

Answer 40

Approximation = Compression

Question 41

Occurs parallel to the surface. Results in a glide motion at the joint.

Answer 41

Shear