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Kinesiology > Ch. 3+4 (Articular System, Arthrokinematics) > Flashcards

Ch. 3+4 (Articular System, Arthrokinematics) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

connection between two bones

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2
Q

What is the function of a joint?

A
  1. Allows motion
  2. Help bear the body’s weight
  3. Provide sstability
  4. Contains synovial fluid
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3
Q

What does a joint contain?

A

Synovial fluid

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4
Q

What does synovial fluid do?

A
  1. Lubricates a joint
  2. Nourishes cartilage
  3. Allows for joint to move freely
  4. Provides some shock absorption
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5
Q

Thin or fibrous periosteum between two bones

A 
Fibrous Joint
(suture, ligamentous, peg-in-socket)
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6
Q

Bone ends interlock, no movement. Provides shape and stability.

A

Fibrous Joint; Suture

Ex. Bones in skull

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7
Q

Small amount of twisting or stretching movement can occur. Hold joint together.

A

Fibrous Joint; Ligamentous

Distal tibiofibular

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8
Q

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones. Allows very slight movement and stability.

A 
Cartilaginous Joint
(Ex. symphysis pubis, intervertebral disc)
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9
Q

No direct union between bone ends which allows free motion.

A 
Synovial Joint 
(Ex. hip, elbow, knee)
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10
Q

What are some synovial joint components?

A
  1. cavity filled with synovial fluid
  2. sleeve-like capsules (outer= holds joint together, Inner=secretes synovial fluid)
  3. Articular surface smooth (covered with hyaline or articular cartilage)
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11
Q

“bolting together”; tooth and socket joint.

No motion.

A

Fibrous; peg-in-socket

Ex. tooth in mandible

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12
Q

Linear movement
Gliding motion
Joint surface flat
Plane joint

A

Nonaxial

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13
Q

1 axis, 1 plane

hinge or pivot

A

Uniaxial

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14
Q

2 axes, 2 planes

Condyloid or saddle

A

Biaxial

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15
Q

3 axes, 3 planes

Ball and socket

A

Triaxial

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16
Q

What does a tendon do?

A

Attaches muscle to bone

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17
Q

What does a ligament do?

A

Attaches bone to bone

18
Q

What does the outer layer of a capsule do?

A

Provides support and protection

19
Q

What does the inner layer of a capsule do?

A

Has a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

20
Q

Can hyaline (articular) cartilage heal itself?

A

No because it lacks a blood supply, gets nutrition from synovial fluid

21
Q

Shock absorption, important for weight bearing joints

A

Fibrocartilage

22
Q

Withstands a great amount of pressure and tension

A

Cartilage

23
Q

What provides the contractile force that causes joints to move?

A

Muscles

24
Q

What type of muscle is a aponeurosis?

A

broad, flat tendinous sheet

Ex. Latissimus dorsi

25
Q

Describe the sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into right and left sides.

Movement= flexion, extension, protraction, retraction.

26
Q

Describe the frontal plane

A

Divides the body into front and back.

Movement= abduction, adduction, ulnar/radial deviation, inversion/eversion

27
Q

Describe the transverse plane

A

Divides the body into top and bottom parts.

Movement= medial/lateral rotation, Horizontal abd./add., Right and left rotation, pronation/supination

28
Q

What is osteokinematics ?

A

bony movement “can see it happening”

29
Q

What is arthrokinematic?

A

Joint surface movement “Cant see this happening”

30
Q

What is soft tissue approximation? [soft]

A

Soft tissue prevents further motion

Ex. elbow flexion- cant go further due to upper arm muscle

31
Q

What is a capsular end feel? [Firm]

A

Hard leather-like limitation of motion that has slight give.

Ex. flexion of shoulder has a spring feeling to it

32
Q

What is a bony end feel? [Hard]

A

Hard and abrupt limit to joint motion.
When bone contacts bone.
(Ex. elbow extension; try to push elbow it wont go anymore)

33
Q

What are the 3 types of arthrokinematic motion?

A

Roll, glide, spin

34
Q

Describe convex and concave

A 
Convex= outward, rounded 
Concave= indentation, inward
35
Q

What is the convex-concave law?

A
  • *Concave moves on convex it glides in the same direction.

* *Convex moves on concave motion it glides on opposite direction.

36
Q

Tightly compressed, difficult to mobilize, ligaments and capsule are taut

A

Close-packed position

37
Q

Parts of capsule and supporting ligaments are lax
joint surface incongruent
Allow for the roll, spin, and glide for normal joint motion

A

Open-packed/Loose-packed position

38
Q

What are the 3 accessory motion forces?

A

Traction, Approxiamtion, shear

39
Q

Occurs when external force is exerted on a joint causing the joint surfaces to be pulled apart

A

Traction = Distraction = Tension

40
Q

When an external force s exerted on a joint causing the joint surfaces to be pushed closer together

A

Approximation = Compression

41
Q

Occurs parallel to the surface. Results in a glide motion at the joint.

A

Shear

Kinesiology (10 decks)

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