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IP Secondary 3 Chemistry > Chapter 1 - Acids & Bases > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Acids & Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A compound which produces hydrogen (H+) ions as the only positive ions when dissolved in water.

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2
Q

Physical properties of acids (4)

A
  1. Acids have a sour taste
  2. Acids turn moist blue litmus paper red
  3. Strong acids are corrosive
  4. Acids conduct electricity as they have hydrogen ions in solutions
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3
Q

Acid reaction 1

A

acid + reactive metal → salt + hydrogen gas

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4
Q

Unreactive metals

A

Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Gold (Au)

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5
Q

Acid reaction 2

A

acid + base → salt + water

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6
Q

Neutralisation

A

acid-base reaction

the reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to produce water

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7
Q

Acid reaction 3

A

acid + carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

Uses of sulfuric acid (3)

A
  1. Manufacture of fertilisers
  2. Manufacture of detergents
  3. As a battery acid (in car batteries)
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9
Q

What is a base?

A

A metal oxide or hydroxide

reacts with an acid to give a salt and water through neutralisation

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10
Q

What is an alkali?

A

(a soluble base)

A compound which produces hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ions when dissolved in water

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11
Q

Physical properties of alkalis (4)

A
  1. Alkalis have a bitter taste
  2. Alkalis are soapy to the touch
  3. Alkalis turn moist red litmus paper blue
  4. Concentrated alkalis are corrosive
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12
Q

Alkali reaction 1

A

base (alkali) + acid → salt + water

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13
Q

Alkali reaction 2

A

alkali + ammonium salt → salt + ammonia + water

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14
Q

Use of calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide

A

For soils which are too acidic, they can be neutralised by adding powdered calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) or calcium oxide (quicklime)

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15
Q

pH indicator: litmus

A

red → purple (6.5) → blue

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16
Q

pH indicator: phenolphthalein

A

colourless → light pink (9.3) → pink

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17
Q

pH indicator: methyl orange

A

red → orange (3.7) → yellow

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18
Q

pH indicator: universal indicator

A

red → orange → yellow → green → blue → purple → indigo

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19
Q

Oxide

A

A compound of oxygen with another element

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20
Q

Acidic oxides

A
  • Oxides of non-metals
  • Reacts with water to form an acid
  • Reacts with bases & alkalis to form salt and water
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21
Q

Basic oxides

A
  • Oxides of metals

- Reacts with acids to form salt and water

22
Q

Amphoteric oxides

A
  • Oxides of metals

- Reacts with acids or alkalis to form salt and water

23
Q

What are the amphoteric oxides?

A 
Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Lead(II) oxide (PbO)
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
24
Q

Neutral oxides

A
  • Oxides of non-metals

- Do not react with acids or alkalis

25
Q

What are the neutral oxides?

A 
Water (H2O)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Nitric oxide (NO)
26
Q

Uses of sulfur dioxide

A
  • As a bleaching agent in the manufacture of wood pulp for paper
  • As a food preservative to prevent growth of mould and bacteria
27
Q

Basicity of acids

A

The maximum number of hydrogen ions produced by one molecule of the acid in aqueous solution

28
Q

Monobasic

A

Provides 1 hydrogen ion per molecule of acid

29
Q

Dibasic

A

Provides 2 hydrogen ions per molecule of acid

30
Q

Tribasic

A

Provides 3 hydrogen ions per molecule of acid

31
Q

Dibasic and tribasic acids are able to form ________ when reacted with bases

A

more than 1 type of salt

32
Q

What are strong acids?

A

Strong acids dissociate fully in solution to give H+ ions

33
Q

What are weak acids?

A

Weak acids dissociate partially in solution to give H+ ions (some of their H+ ions stay attached to the acid molecule)

34
Q

Strength of carbonic acid (H2CO3)

A

weak

35
Q

Strength of hydrochloric acid (HCl)

A

strong

36
Q

Strength of nitric acid (HNO3)

A

strong

37
Q

Strength of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

A

weak

38
Q

Strength of phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

A

weak

39
Q

Strength of sulfurous acid (H2SO3)

A

weak

40
Q

Strength of citric acid (C6H8O7)

A

weak

41
Q

Strength of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

A

strong

42
Q

What are strong alkalis?

A

Strong alkalis dissociate fully in solution to give OH- ions

43
Q

What are weak alkalis?

A

Weak alkalis dissociate partially in solution to give OH- ions (some of their OH- ions stay attached to the alkali molecules)

44
Q

Strength of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

A

strong

45
Q

Strength of potassium hydroxide (KOH)

A

strong

46
Q

Strength of calcium hydroxide (CaOH)

A

strong

47
Q

Strength of aqueous ammonia (NH3)

A

weak

48
Q

Aqueous ammonia (NH3) dissociates in water to form ______ and ______

A

OH-

NH4+

49
Q

Difference between strength and concentration

A

Strength: the extent of ionisation in an acid or alkali
Concentration: quantity of an acid or alkali (solute) dissolved in the solution

50
Q

What is the difference between strength and concentration (of an acid/alkali)?

A

Strength is fixed while concentration can be changed

IP Secondary 3 Chemistry (9 decks)

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