Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IP Secondary 3 Chemistry > Chapter 1 - Acids & Bases > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Acids & Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A compound which produces hydrogen (H+) ions as the only positive ions when dissolved in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physical properties of acids (4)

A
  1. Acids have a sour taste
  2. Acids turn moist blue litmus paper red
  3. Strong acids are corrosive
  4. Acids conduct electricity as they have hydrogen ions in solutions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acid reaction 1

A

acid + reactive metal → salt + hydrogen gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Unreactive metals

A

Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Gold (Au)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acid reaction 2

A

acid + base → salt + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neutralisation

A

acid-base reaction

the reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to produce water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acid reaction 3

A

acid + carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uses of sulfuric acid (3)

A
  1. Manufacture of fertilisers
  2. Manufacture of detergents
  3. As a battery acid (in car batteries)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a base?

A

A metal oxide or hydroxide

reacts with an acid to give a salt and water through neutralisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an alkali?

A

(a soluble base)

A compound which produces hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ions when dissolved in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physical properties of alkalis (4)

A
  1. Alkalis have a bitter taste
  2. Alkalis are soapy to the touch
  3. Alkalis turn moist red litmus paper blue
  4. Concentrated alkalis are corrosive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alkali reaction 1

A

base (alkali) + acid → salt + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alkali reaction 2

A

alkali + ammonium salt → salt + ammonia + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Use of calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide

A

For soils which are too acidic, they can be neutralised by adding powdered calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) or calcium oxide (quicklime)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pH indicator: litmus

A

red → purple (6.5) → blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pH indicator: phenolphthalein

A

colourless → light pink (9.3) → pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pH indicator: methyl orange

A

red → orange (3.7) → yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pH indicator: universal indicator

A

red → orange → yellow → green → blue → purple → indigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Oxide

A

A compound of oxygen with another element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acidic oxides

A
  • Oxides of non-metals
  • Reacts with water to form an acid
  • Reacts with bases & alkalis to form salt and water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Basic oxides

A
  • Oxides of metals

- Reacts with acids to form salt and water

22
Q

Amphoteric oxides

A
  • Oxides of metals

- Reacts with acids or alkalis to form salt and water

23
Q

What are the amphoteric oxides?

A 
Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Lead(II) oxide (PbO)
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
24
Q

Neutral oxides

A
  • Oxides of non-metals

- Do not react with acids or alkalis

25
What are the neutral oxides?
``` Water (H2O) Carbon monoxide (CO) Nitric oxide (NO) ```
26
Uses of sulfur dioxide
- As a bleaching agent in the manufacture of wood pulp for paper - As a food preservative to prevent growth of mould and bacteria
27
Basicity of acids
The maximum number of hydrogen ions produced by one molecule of the acid in aqueous solution
28
Monobasic
Provides 1 hydrogen ion per molecule of acid
29
Dibasic
Provides 2 hydrogen ions per molecule of acid
30
Tribasic
Provides 3 hydrogen ions per molecule of acid
31
Dibasic and tribasic acids are able to form ________ when reacted with bases
more than 1 type of salt
32
What are strong acids?
Strong acids dissociate fully in solution to give H+ ions
33
What are weak acids?
Weak acids dissociate partially in solution to give H+ ions (some of their H+ ions stay attached to the acid molecule)
34
Strength of carbonic acid (H2CO3)
weak
35
Strength of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
strong
36
Strength of nitric acid (HNO3)
strong
37
Strength of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
weak
38
Strength of phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
weak
39
Strength of sulfurous acid (H2SO3)
weak
40
Strength of citric acid (C6H8O7)
weak
41
Strength of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
strong
42
What are strong alkalis?
Strong alkalis dissociate fully in solution to give OH- ions
43
What are weak alkalis?
Weak alkalis dissociate partially in solution to give OH- ions (some of their OH- ions stay attached to the alkali molecules)
44
Strength of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
strong
45
Strength of potassium hydroxide (KOH)
strong
46
Strength of calcium hydroxide (CaOH)
strong
47
Strength of aqueous ammonia (NH3)
weak
48
Aqueous ammonia (NH3) dissociates in water to form ______ and ______
OH- | NH4+
49
Difference between strength and concentration
Strength: the extent of ionisation in an acid or alkali Concentration: quantity of an acid or alkali (solute) dissolved in the solution
50
What is the difference between strength and concentration (of an acid/alkali)?
Strength is fixed while concentration can be changed

IP Secondary 3 Chemistry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions