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Neuropsych > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

brain hypothesis

A

the brain is the source of behavior

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2
Q

neuron hypothesis

A

the unit of brain structure and function is the neuron

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3
Q

phrenology

A

cognitive functions localized in specific brain areas

  1. laid foundation for localization of function
  2. precursor for many maps of the brain
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4
Q
A
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5
Q
A
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8
Q
A
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9
Q

corticospinal tract

A

connects brain to muscle

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10
Q

broca’s area

A
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11
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects right and left hemispheres (largest)

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12
Q

wernicke’s area

A

connected to Broca’s area via arcuate fasiculus

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13
Q

connection aphasia

A

disconnection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area will impair word repetition while speech production and movement will be retained

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15
Q

Paul Broca

A

patient paralyzed on right side of the body

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17
Q

levels of functional hierarchy

A
  1. spinal cord
  2. brainstem
  3. forebrain
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18
Q

Carl Wernicke

A
  • proposed first model for organization of language
  • proposed that regions of the brain have different functions but still must interact to work correctly
  • identified that the left hemisphere was dominant for language
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20
Q
A
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21
Q
A
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23
Q

neuroplasticity

A

just because a part of the brain is lesioned does not mean that the function cannot be recovered

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24
Q

Pierre Flourens

A
  • removed areas of cortex in animal brain and studied changes in behavior
    • refuted localization of function
    • showed no specialization for cortex
    • specialization for brain stem
    • remaining brain stem can substitute for function of cortex
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25
Q

functional hierarchy of the brain

A
  • each successively higher level of nervous system controls more complex aspects of behavior
    • when higher levels are damaged, behavior becomes simpler, less evolved
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27
Q

patient HM

A
  • removal of a part of temporal lobe to treat epilepsy
  • partial amnesia
  • able to learn motor skills
  • inability to remember acquiring that skill
  • multiple memory systems
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29
Q

neuron theory

A
  • neurons are the nerve cells in the brain and work as its functional units
  • neuron sends electrical signals along the dendrites and axons by chemical means
  • neurons communicate via synapses
  • neurons are plastic
30
Q

the brain is the source of behavior

A

brain hypothesis

31
Q

the unit of brain structure and function is the neuron

A

neuron hypothesis

32
Q

cognitive functions localized in specific brain areas

  1. laid foundation for localization of function
  2. precursor for many maps of the brain
A

phrenology

33
Q

connects brain to muscle

A

corticospinal tract

34
Q
A

broca’s area

35
Q

connects right and left hemispheres (largest)

A

corpus callosum

36
Q

connected to Broca’s area via arcuate fasiculus

A

wernicke’s area

37
Q

disconnection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area will impair word repetition while speech production and movement will be retained

A

connection aphasia

38
Q

patient paralyzed on right side of the body

A

Paul Broca

39
Q
  1. spinal cord
  2. brainstem
  3. forebrain
A

levels of functional hierarchy

40
Q
  • proposed first model for organization of language
  • proposed that regions of the brain have different functions but still must interact to work correctly
  • identified that the left hemisphere was dominant for language
A

Carl Wernicke

41
Q

just because a part of the brain is lesioned does not mean that the function cannot be recovered

A

neuroplasticity

42
Q
  • removed areas of cortex in animal brain and studied changes in behavior
    • refuted localization of function
    • showed no specialization for cortex
    • specialization for brain stem
    • remaining brain stem can substitute for function of cortex
A

Pierre Flourens

43
Q
  • each successively higher level of nervous system controls more complex aspects of behavior
    • when higher levels are damaged, behavior becomes simpler, less evolved
A

functional hierarchy of the brain

44
Q
  • removal of a part of temporal lobe to treat epilepsy
  • partial amnesia
  • able to learn motor skills
  • inability to remember acquiring that skill
  • multiple memory systems
A

patient HM

45
Q
  • neurons are the nerve cells in the brain and work as its functional units
  • neuron sends electrical signals along the dendrites and axons by chemical means
  • neurons communicate via synapses
  • neurons are plastic
A

neuron theory

46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q

a major role of CSF is to:

A

cushion the brain and spinal cord from shock

49
Q

meninges & CSF

A

anti inflammatory

50
Q
A
51
Q

broca’s aphasia

A

language production deficit

52
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

language comprehension deficit

53
Q

anti inflammatory

A

meninges & CSF

54
Q

language production deficit

A

broca’s aphasia

55
Q

language comprehension deficit

A

wernicke’s aphasia

56
Q

aphasia

A

problem with communitcation

57
Q

Vaidya et al 2020 - Lesion studies in Contemporary Neuroscience

main idea and evidence

A

Lesion studies are essential for neurobehavioral research and should be used in collaboration with modern imaging techniques

  • Compare/contrast imaging to lesion studies and their scopes
  • Figure 2 (schematics of different lesion methodologies)
  • Lesion studies can ID causal links vs association (imaging does this) and cited studies
  • Box 2 - strengths of studies (if you can jump through these hoops its effective and here’s why)
58
Q

problem with communitcation

A

aphasia

Neuropsych (15 decks)

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