Chapter 1 Flashcards
Chemical name
Gives the exact chemical makeup of the drug and placing of the atoms or molecular structure
The chemical name is not capitalized
Ibuprofen
Generic name, official or non proprietary name, name given to drug before it becomes official, may be used in all countries, by manufacturers, the generic name is non capitalized
Trade name
Brand name, Claritin or Tylenol, name that is registered by the manufacturer and is followed by the trademark symbol, the name can be used only by the manufacturer, a drug may have several trade names depending on the number of manufacturer, the first letter of the trade name is capitalized.
Absorption
A drug is moved from site of administration to body fluids, first process during pharmacokinetics
Adverse reaction
Undesirable drug effect
Allergic reaction
Immediate hypertension reaction by the immune system, it presents as itching, hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing
Anaphylactic shock
Sudden, several hypersensitivity reaction with symptoms that rapidly and may result in death if not treated
Angioedema
Localized wheals or swellings in subcutaneous tissues or mucous membranes, which may be caused by allergic response
Controlled substances
Drugs that have the potential for abuse and dependency both physical and psychological
Cumulative drug effect
When the body is unable to metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug before the next is given
Complementary/alternative medicine
Group of diverse medical practices or products not presently part of conventional medicine
Distribution
Drug moves from circulation to body tissue or a target site
Drug idiosyncrasy
Any unusual or abnormal response that differs from the response normally expected to a specific drug and dosage
Drug tolerance
Decreased response to a drug requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect
Excretion
Elimination of drug from the body
First pass effect
Action by which an oral drug is absorbed and carried directly to the liver where is is inscribed by enzymes before it enters the general bloodstream
Half life
Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a drug
Herbal medicine
Type of complementary/alternative therapy that uses plants or herbs to treat various disorders
Hypersensitivity
Undesirable reaction produced by a normal immune system
Metabolism
Drug is changed to a form that can be excreted
Metabolite
Inactive form of the original drug
Non prescription drugs
Drugs designated by the US food and drug administration to be safe and obtainable without a prescription
Pharmaceutic
Pertaining to the phase during which a drug dissolved in the body
Pharmacodynamics
Study of the drug mechanisms that produce biochemical or physiologic changes in the body
Pharmacokinetics
Study of drug transit after administration
Physical dependency
Habitual use of a drug where negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation
Prescription drugs
Drugs the federal government has designated as potentially harmful unless their use is supervised by a licensed healthcare provider such as a nurse practitioner physician or dentist
Psychological dependency
Compulsion or craving to use a substance to obtains pleasurable experience
Receptor
In pharmacology a reactive site on the surface of a cell when a drug binds to and interacts with the receptor a pharmacological response occurs
Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS)
Program of the FDA designed to monitor drugs that have a high risk compared to benefit ratio
Teratogen
Drug or substance that causes abnormal development to the fetus leading tondeformities
Toxic
Poisonous or harmful
Additive drug reaction
Occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.
Example 1 + 1 = 2
Synergistic drug reaction
Occurs when drugs interact with each other and produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions.
Example 1 + 1 = 3
Antagonistic drug reaction
Occurs when one drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one of the drugs.
Example 1 - 1 = 0
