Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Philosopher Gottfried Leibniz

A

Why is there something rather than nothing?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hard Problem

A

David Chalmers - Given this universe composed of matter and energy, why is there such a thing as consciousness?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mind-Brain/Body Problem

A

What is the relationship between mental experience and brain activity?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fundamental property

A

Property that cannot be attributed to something else (eg. matter has mass but we cannot explain why)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biological psychology

A

Study of the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanism of behavior and experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

physiological explanation

A

relates a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs - deals with chemistry and machinery of the body “how does this behaviour relate to brain and other organs?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ontogenetic explanation

A

Describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions “how does this behaviour develop within the individual?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

evolutionary explanation

A

reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior “how did the capacity for this behaviour evolve?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

functional explanation

A

describes why a structure or behavior evolves as it did - why it was evolutionarily selected “why did the capacity for this behaviour evolve? What funciton does it serve?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

genetic drift

A

when a gene spreads by accident in a small, isolated population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

genes

A

units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another, found on chromosomes (generally paired)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chromosomes

A

strands of genes that come in pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

genetic material (double stranded)- a strand serves as a template for RNA (single stranded) synthesis. The order of DNA bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) determines RNA bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

RNA bases determine order of amino acides that compose a protein (adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

enzymes

A

biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

homozygous

A

identical pair of genes on two chromosomes

17
Q

heterozygous

A

unmatched pair of genes (i.e. XY)

18
Q

dominant gene

A

shows a strong effect in either homozygous or heterozygous

19
Q

recessive gene

A

show its effects only in the homozygous condition

20
Q

Sex linked gene

A

genes located on the sex chromosome (X or Y )

21
Q

sex limited genes

A

present in both sexes, generally on autosomal chromosomes, but actively mainly in one sex (genes activated by sex hormones)

22
Q

autosomal genes

A

a gene located on a chromosome other than a sex chromosome

23
Q

mutation

A

heritable change in a DNA molecule - changing one base in a DNA sequnce results in code for a different protein

24
Q

epigenetics

A

change in gene expression without modification of DNA/genetic sequence

25
Q

monozygotic twins

A

twins from one egg - identical

26
Q

dizygotic

A

twins from two eggs - fraternal

27
Q

duplication/deletion

A

in DNA replication, part of a chromosome that should appear once might instead appear twice or not at all (when it is a tiny portion it is a micro duplication/deletion)

28
Q

heritability

A

measure of how much variations in some characteristics depend on genetic differences - estimates of heritability apply to particular populations at particular times, they are not absolute

29
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A
  • Inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine
  • if untreated, the amino acid accumulates to toxic levels impairing brain development and resulting in restlessness and irritability
  • effects can be modified with a low phenylalanine diet
30
Q

evolution

A

change over generations in frequencies of various genes in a population

31
Q

Lamarckian evolution

A

theory of evolution based on inheritance of acquired characteristics
- if you use your arm muscles your children will have larger arm muscles

32
Q

fitness

A

number of copies of one’s genes that endure in later generations

33
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

study of evolution of behaviours

34
Q

altruistic behavior

A

action that benefits someone other than the actor

35
Q

kin selection

A

selection for a gene that benefits the individuals relatives

36
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

idea that individuals help those who will return the favor

37
Q

group selection

A

altruistic groups survive better than less cooperative ones

Biological Psychology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions