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KIN 267 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of body structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

science of body functions

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3
Q

Levels of organization

A 
chemical (atomic < molecular) 
cellular
tissue
organ 
system
organism
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4
Q

cells

A

basic structural & functional units of an organism

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5
Q

tissues

A

groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function

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6
Q

4 basic types of tissues

A

epithelium
connective tissue
muscle
nerves

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7
Q

organs

A

structures composed of 2+ different types of tissues

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8
Q

organ system

A

consists of related organs with a common function

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9
Q

organism

A

consists of a collection of organ system

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10
Q

(6) important life processes

A

1) metabolism
2) responsiveness
3) movement
4) growth
5) differentiation
6) reproduction

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11
Q

Integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, glands

protect, regulate temp, eliminate waste

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12
Q

Skeletal System

A

bones, joints

protection, support
- houses cells that will become RBCs, WBCs & platelets

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13
Q

Muscular system

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscle

  • works with skeletal sysem to facilitate movement & maintain posture
  • generates heat to maintain constant body temp
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14
Q

Nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves & sensory organs

- senses & responds to body conditions through nerve impulses

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15
Q

Endocrine system

A

hormone-producing cells & glands

- regulates body through chemical mechanisms (by releasing hormones into blood)

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16
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood & blood vessels

  • carries blood & nutrients to specific locations
  • regulates body temp & water balance
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17
Q

Lymphatic system

A

lymphatic fluid/nodes & lymphocytes & associated organs (tonsils/spleen/thymus gland)

  • transports fats & proteins to cardiovascular system
  • filters blood & protects against disease
18
Q

Respiratory System

A

upper airways, trachea, major bronchi, lungs

  • extracts O2, eliminates CO2
  • in conjugation with kidneys, regulates acid/base balance
19
Q

Urinary sytem

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

  • physical/chemical breakdown of food
  • elimination of waste
20
Q

Reproductive system

A

ovaries, uterus, vagina
testes, penis

  • reproduction of individual or organism
21
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all catabolic & anabolic chemical processes occurring in the body

22
Q

Responsiveness

A

body’s ability to detect and respond to changes which might represent an opportunity or threat

23
Q

growth

A

involves an increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells/# of cells

24
Q

Differentiation

A

development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state

25
Q

Reproduction

A

formation of new cells

26
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

fluid within cells

27
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside cells

28
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

ECF between cells & tissues

29
Q

body fluids

A

dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or out of cells

30
Q

Important body fluids

A 
blood plasma
lymph
cerebrospinal fluid
synovial fluid
aqueous humor
31
Q

blood plasma

A

ECF within blood vessels

32
Q

lymph

A

ECF within lymphatic vessels

33
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

ECF in brain & spinal cord

34
Q

synovial fluid

A

ECF in joints

35
Q

aqueous humor

A

ECF in eyes

36
Q

Cellular function depends on the regulation of the composition of the __ ___

A

interstitial fluid

37
Q

Feedback system

(3) basic components

A

Body is monitored & re-monitored
Each monitored variable = controlled condition

1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector

38
Q

receptor

A

body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition
- sends input to the control center.

39
Q

control center

A

sets range of values to be maintained
- Evaluates input received from receptors & generates output command
(Impulse, hormone, other chemical agent)

40
Q

effector

A

receives output from the control center
- produces a response/ effect that changes the controlled condition

(Every organ or tissue )

41
Q

Negative feedback

A

Reverses a change in controlled condition

42
Q

Positive feedback

A

Strengthens or reinforces change in one of the body’s controlled conditions

KIN 267 (12 decks)

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