Chapter 1 Flashcards
Are objects that people in the past made or used, such as coins, pottery, and tools.
Artifacts
Refers to a society knowledge, art, beliefs, customs, and values.
Culture
This term refers to humans and early humanlike beings that walked upright.
Hominid
Found a hominid fossil in olduvai gorge, located in Tanzania.
Louis Leakey
Or old Stone Age, it lasted from around 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago.
Paleolithic Era
Moving from place to place as they followed migrating animal herds.
Nomads
Hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants, berries, nuts, and other foods.
Hunter-gatherers
The belief that all things in nature have spirits.
Animism
Or New Stone Age
Neolithic Era
Historians refer to the shift of farming as the
Neolithic Revolution
The selective breeding of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans
Domestication
People who ranged over wide areas and kept herds of livestock on witch they depend for food and other items
Pastoralists
Huge stones, for burial or spiritual purposes
Megaliths
The Stone Age gave way to the time period that scientists call
Bronze Age
Excess, of food
Surplus
The economic arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job is called
Division of labor
Economic decision are made based on custom, tradition, or ritual
Traditional economy
A complex and organized society
Civilization
Skilled craftspeople, devoted their time to crafts such as basketry, carpentry, metalwork, or pottery
Artisans
The spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one culture to another
Cultural diffusion
Curves between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian gulf.
Fertile Crescent
Greek for “between the rivers”
Mesopotamia
A pyramid shaped structure called
Ziggurat
A political unit with its own government
City-state
The worship of many gods
Polytheism
Is a series of rulers from one family
Dynasty
Sumerian writing is called
Cuneiform
Story of a legendary king
Epic of Gilgamesh
Created a permanent army, the first ruler to do so
Sargon I
The Amorite king became king of Babylon
Hammurabi
Several tribes who spoke related languages
Indo-Europeans
Or arid grasslands, north of the Black Sea, driven out by drought, conflict, or a lack of resources.
Steppes
The most famous Chaldean king, was known as both a warrior and as a builder
Nebuchadnezzar II
Originally nomadic pastoralists, they moved into the desert grassland around the Fertile Crescent between 2000 and 1500 BC.
Judaism
The most sacred text of Judaism
Torah
A shepherd, he lived near Ur in Mesopotamia
Abraham
Solemn promise
Covenant
Or ancestral “fathers”
Patriarchs
Born Israelite raised Egyptian
Moses
Moses led Israelites out of Egypt
Exodus
The scattering of the Jews outside Judah
Diaspora
The belief in one god
Monotheism
A leader that arose in 559BC in Persia
Cyrus the grate
Governed a region in Persia for the king
Satraps
Son of Darius I, tried to expand on his fathers success
Xerxes
New religion based on a man named Zoroaster
Zoroastrianism
The belief that the world is controlled by two opposing forces, good and evil
Dualism
Is an area at the mouth of the river, often triangle shaped, made up of silt deposits
Delta
Rocky stretches marked by swift currents and rapids
Cataracts
Ruler from upper Egypt conquered the north at least in legend
Menes
At the head of government was the king, who eventually became known as _______________(means “great house”)
Pharaoh
A state ruled by religious figures
Theocracy
A highly structured organization managed by officials
Bureaucracy
Encouraged trade, one of the few women to rule Egypt
Hatshepsut
Led his army out to confront the Hittites
Ramses the grate
Tall, thin pillars with pyramid shaped tops
Obelisk
The makeing of mummies
Mummification
Uses picture symbols to represent objects, sounds, and ideas was one of the worlds first writing system
Hieroglyphics
Is a long passages in ancient writing
Rosetta Stone
Granted pardons in exchange for favors
Piankhi
Refine iron from its ore
Smelt
