Chapter 1 2 Feminist Therapy

Question 1

Using male-oriented constructs
to draw conclusions about human, including female,
nature.

Answer 1

Androcentric

Question 2

These feminists believe oppression
stems from society’s devaluation of women’s
strength, values, and roles. They believe the
solution to oppression lies in feminization of the
culture so that society becomes more nurturing,
intuitive, subjective, cooperative, and relational.
development.

Answer 2

Cultural feminists

Question 3

Assumes that personality patterns
and behavior are fi xed at an early stage of

Power should be balanced
in a relationship. In feminist therapy the
voices of the oppressed are acknowledged as authoritative
and valuable sources of knowledge.

Answer 3

Deterministic

Egalitarian relationship

Question 4

The idea that one’s own cultural
group is superior to others and that other
groups should be judged based on one’s own
standards.

Answer 4

Ethnocentrism

Question 5

Uses concepts
and strategies that apply equally to individuals
and groups regardless of age, race, culture,
gender, ability, class, or sexual orientation.

Answer 5

Flexible–multicultural perspective

Question 6

Believing that there are two separate
paths of development for women and men.
Gender-fair approaches Explain differences
in the behavior of women and men in terms of
socialization processes rather than on the basis
of our “innate” natures, thus avoiding stereotypes
in social roles and interpersonal behavior.

Answer 6

Gendercentric

Question 7

Explains differences
in the behavior of women and men in terms of
socialization processes rather than viewing gender
differences as fi xed in nature.

Answer 7

Gender-neutral theory

Question 8

Used to help clients understand
the impact of gender-role expectations
in their lives. Some feminist therapists prefer to
use the term “social identity analysis” rather than
gender-role analysis, to refl ect the importance of
assessing all relevant aspects of a client’s identity.

Answer 8

Gender-role analysis

Question 9

Provides clients
with insight into the ways social issues affect
their problems.

Answer 9

Gender-role intervention

Question 10

An organized set of mental associations
people use to interpret their perceptions
about gender.

Answer 10

Gender schema

Question 11

This approach
takes a worldwide perspective and seeks
to understand the ways in which racism, sexism,
economics, and classism affect women in different
countries.

Answer 11

Global/international feminism

Question 12

Views a heterosexual orientation
as normative and desirable and devalues samesex
relationships.

Answer 12

Heterosexist

Question 13

Concepts specifi c to the thinking,
feeling, and behaving dimensions of human
experience that account for contextual and environmental
factors.

Answer 13

Interactionist

Question 14

Attributing behavior
to internal causes, which often results in blaming
the victim and ignoring sociocultural and political
factors.

Answer 14

Intrapsychic orientation

Question 15

This group of feminists
views women’s oppression as related to heterosexism
and sexualized images of women.

Answer 15

Lesbian feminists

Question 16

These feminists focus on
helping individual women overcome the limits
and constraints of traditional gender-role socialization
patterns; they argue for a transformation
from accepting traditional gender roles to creating
equal opportunities for both women and men.

Answer 16

Liberal feminists

Question 17

Assumes that human
development is a lifelong process and that personality
patterns and behavioral changes can
occur at any time.

Answer 17

Life-span perspective

Question 18

Individuals’ personal
problems have social and political causes. Therapy
is aimed at helping clients change their
own behavior and become active participants in
transforming society.

Answer 18

Personal is political

Question 19

This group of feminists
provides a model for critiquing other traditional
and feminist approaches, addressing the issue of
what constitutes reality and proposing multiple
truths as opposed to a single truth.

Answer 19

Postmodern feminists

Question 20

Emphasis is on the power
difference between men and women in society.
Clients are helped to recognize different kinds
of power they possess and how they and others
exercise power.

Answer 20

Power analysis

Question 21

This group of feminists focuses
on the oppression of women that is embedded
in patriarchy and seek to change society
through activism and equalizing power.

Answer 21

Radical feminists

Question 22

A technique whereby the counselor
changes the frame of reference for looking at an
individual’s behavior. There is a shift from an intrapersonal
(or “blaming the victim”) stance to
a consideration of social factors in the environment
that contribute to a client’s problem.

Answer 22

Reframing

Question 23

An intervention that changes the
label or evaluation applied to the client’s behavioral
characteristics. Generally, the focus is
shifted from a negative to a positive evaluation.

Answer 23

Relabeling

Question 24

A perspective suggesting
that a woman’s sense of identity and selfconcept
develop in the context of relationships.

Answer 24

Relational-cultural theory

Question 25

The idea that a woman’s sense of self depends largely on how she connects with others.

Answer 25

Self-in-relation

Question 26

Participating in some activity outside of the therapy office (such as some kind of volunteer work in the community) that is likely to empower clients by helping them see the link between their personal experiences and the social context in which they live.

Answer 26

Social action

Question 27

These feminists aim to transform social relationships and institutions. They focus on multiple oppressions and believe solutions to society’s problems must include considerations of class, race, sexual orientation, economics, nationality, and history.

Answer 27

Socialist feminists

Question 28

An invisible package of unearned assets White people enjoy that are not extended to people of color.

Answer 28

White privilege

Question 29

This group of feminists believes it is essential that feminist theory be broadened and made more inclusive by addressing multiple oppressions, taking into consideration privilege and power, and emphasizing activism.

Answer 29

Women of color feminists

Question 30

``` 1. Although feminist therapy addresses social and political issues pertaining to gender-role stereotyping, this approach does not address most other forms of oppression. ```

Answer 30

f

Question 31

``` T F 2. One of the goals of feminist therapy is to help women understand how sexist and oppressive societal beliefs and practices infl uence them in negative ways. ```

Answer 31

t

Question 32

T F 3. A criticism of feminist therapy is that it was developed by White, middle-class, heterosexual women.

Answer 32

t

Question 33

T F 4. Therapist self-disclosure is rarely used in feminist therapy. .

Answer 33

f

Question 34

T F 5. Gender-role analysis involves a cooperative exploration by client and therapist of the impact of gender on the client’s distress.

Answer 34

t

Question 35

``` T F 6. In feminist therapy, clients are viewed as active participants in redefi ning themselves in the context of the therapeutic relationship, rather than the therapist being viewed as the best or “expert” source ```

Answer 35

t

Question 36

7. Feminist therapy is an approach that is applicable to women but not to men.

Answer 36

f

Question 37

T F 8. Instead of being diverse, feminist practice is a single and unified approach to therapy.

Answer 37

f

Question 38

``` T F 9. Women now are assuming positions of leadership in government and business, and this can be interpreted to mean that women no longer have difficulty making life choices. ```

Answer 38

f

Question 39

T F 10. It is probably accurate to say that in today’s society barriers no longer stand in the way of gender equity.

Answer 39

f

Question 40

``` 11. Which branch of feminist therapy provides a model for critiquing the value of other traditional and feminist approaches? a. postmodern feminism b. women of color feminism c. lesbian feminism d. global/international feminism e. none of the above ```

Answer 40

a

Question 41

``` 12. All of the following are considered aspects of the “third wave” of feminist perspectives except for a. postmodern feminism. b. women of color feminism. c. lesbian feminism. d. cultural feminism. e. global/international feminism. ```

Answer 41

d

Question 42

``` 13. All of the following are ways feminist therapy differs from traditional therapy except for a. viewing problems in a sociopolitical and cultural context. b. demystifying the therapeutic process. c. accepting the premise that diagnosis is a basic prerequisite for effective treatment. d. creating a therapeutic relationship that is egalitarian. e. recognizing that clients know what is best for their life and are experts in their own life. ```

Answer 42

c

Question 43

``` 14. Which of the following interventions is least likely to be used by a feminist therapist? a. analysis and interpretation of transference b. sex-role analysis and intervention c. power analysis and intervention d. encouraging clients to take social action e. assertiveness training ```

Answer 43

a

Question 44

``` 15. Which of the following is considered to be a major contribution feminists have made to the fi eld of counseling? a. pioneering research in the therapy process b. creating a brief, solution-focused therapy approach c. integrating a diagnostic perspective in counseling practice d. paving the way for gender-sensitive practice ```

Answer 44

d

Question 45

``` 16. A goal of feminist therapy is to empower all people to create a world of equality that is refl ected at which of the following levels? a. individual and interpersonal b. institutional c. national d. global e. all of the above ```

Answer 45

e

Question 46

17. Feminist therapists refer to a. women’s problems as a refl ection of hormonal imbalances. b. distress rather than psychopathology. c. feelings of emptiness and invisibility as defi cits in one’s psychic structure. d. women’s anger as a refl ection of the aggressive drive.

Answer 46

b

Question 47

``` 18. The feminist philosophy that emphasizes the differences between women and men and views the goal of therapy as being the infusion of cooperative values in society is a. liberal feminism. b. cultural feminism. c. postmodern feminism. d. social feminism. ```

Answer 47

b

Question 48

``` 19. The feminist philosophy that emphasizes helping individual women overcome the limits and constraints of their socialization problems is a. liberal feminism. b. cultural feminism. c. global/international feminism. d. social feminism. ```

Answer 48

a

Question 49

``` 20. This approach to feminism focuses on multiple oppressions and has the goal of transforming social relationships and institutions. a. liberal feminism b. cultural feminism c. radical feminism d. social feminism ```

Answer 49

d

Question 50

``` 21. Feminist therapists use self-disclosure to a. equalize the client–therapist relationship. b. normalize women’s collective experiences. c. empower clients. d. establish informed consent. e. all of the above ```

Answer 50

e

Question 51

``` 22. Part of the feminist critique of assessment and diagnosis is that these procedures a. are often based on sexist assumptions. b. minimize the effect of environmental factors that infl uence behavior. c. provide different treatments to women and men who display similar symptoms. d. tend to reinforce gender-role stereotypes and encourage adjustment to the status quo. e. do all of the above. ```

Answer 51

e

Question 52

``` 23. Which of the following is not considered to be a basic principle of feminist therapy? a. All types of oppression are recognized. b. Commitment to social change. c. Defi nitions of psychological distress and mental illness are based on the DSM-IV-TR. d. Counseling is based on a relationship that is egalitarian. e. The personal is political. ```

Answer 52

c

Question 53

``` 24. What perspective calls for feminist theory to include an analysis of multiple identities and their relationship to oppression? a. postmodern feminism b. lesbian feminism c. radical feminism d. cultural feminism e. liberal feminism ```

Answer 53

b

Question 54

``` 25. Which of the following statements about feminist therapy is not true? a. Therapy is relatively short term. b. The model underlying practice tends to be static. c. A goal is to replace the current patriarchal system with feminist consciousness. d. Women are encouraged to defi ne themselves rather than being defi ned by societal demands. e. Feminist therapy differs from traditional therapy in a number of ways. ```

Answer 54

b