Chapter 1 Flashcards
who concluded that “psychoanalsysis was a failure”
Eysenck
what is clinical utility
does having assessment data actual provide info that leads to a clinical outcome that is better than if they did not have the assessment data
Who characterised psychoanalysis as pseudoscience, incoherent, unfalsifiable, and lacking rigor
Popper
what do clinical psychologists do
assessment and diagnosis, consultation, treatment, program eval, administration, and research
who published a review that questioned the usefulness of psychotherapy altogether
Eysenck
Who created the client centred approach to psychotherapy
carl rogers
who is credited with being the primary developer of clinical neurology
jean-martin charcot
why are psychiatrists better at identifying interactions between physical and mental disorders
they have a medical background
define clinical psychology
Application of scientifically supported psychological knowledge to alleviate distress & promote well-being
who conducted the meta analysis on psychotherapy techniques
Smith, Glass, and Miller
what are the four criteria of scientific clinical psych according to McFall
- exact nature of service described clearly
- claimed benefits of service stated explicitly
- claimed benefits must be scientifically validated
- possible negative side effects that might outweigh any benefits must be ruled out empirically
what are the four ethical principals of clinical psychology
- respect for dignity of persons
- responsible caring
- integrity in relationships
- responsibility to society
specialize in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness and receive four years of medical school training
psychiatry
what are the two main psychotherapy research crowds according to woolfolk
The empirically supported therapies (EST). Clinical science crowd, and the common factors crowd
emphasised the role of societal forces and psychological needs in the development and alleviation of mental disorders
plato
focus on ways to improve the health and well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities
clinical social work
Who conducted the little albert experiment
John B Watson
explain evidence based practice
clinician must synthesis info from research, their experience, and the patients preferences when considering healthcare options. the informing of patients is also emphasised
who were the reformers of the psychological tradition
hint: 2 from france, one from england, one from the us, and one for US+Canada
Pinel and Pussin
Tuke
Rush
Dix
who created humanistic psychotherapy
carl rogers <3333
developed first scale of intelligence
consisting of more than 50 tests of mental skills for children 3 to 13 years of age
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
what was the original name for schizophrenia
dementia praecox
______ psychologists have specialized training in both psychology and education
school
who expanded on hippocrates and introduced the humoral theory of mental illness (humoral as in the four humours of the body. gothic lit course reference)
Galen in 2nd century greece
who reformed hospitals and treated mental problems as physical illness in the mid-1800s
john grey
whats the difference between counselling psychology and clinical psychology
counselling psych training is more focused on providing services to people who are dealing with life changes. clinical psych training is more focused on the assessment and treatment of psychopathology
who was Alfred Binet
created the first intelligence test for the french government
who was the person who first discovered schizophrenia (as in the first to identify it as a syndrome)
Emil Kraeplin
What led to the increase in qualitative reviews of psychotherapy literature
Eysenck’s claims about psychotherapy
who originated the biopsychosocial view
hippocrates
what was Sigmund Freuds primary contribution
the development of psychoanalysis
___________ tradition foreshadowed modern views linking abnormality with brain chemical imbalances
Galenic-Hippocratic
primarily concerned with the application of
psychological knowledge in assessment, prevention, and/or intervention in problems in thoughts, behaviours, and emotions
clinical psychology
believed abnormal behaviour had natural,
rather than supernatural, causes
hippocrates
what did Joseph Wolpe do
created systematic desensitisation for the treatment of phobias
Who published an article on the behavioural treatment of phobia (systematic desensitisation)
Wolpe
who published a review questioning the usefulness of psychotherapy for children
Levitt
what is service evaluation
activities designed to exam whether services work or not
what did Paul Meehl do
conducted a review that highlighted the problems in assessment in clinical psych
Found that a purely clinical judgement approach to assessment (e.g., collection of interview and other information) was typically inferior to a more statistically oriented approach (i.e., strictly data-driven) to diagnosing adults
Paul Meehl
what was the finding of Smith, Glass and Miller’s meta analysis
psychotherapy in general was effective, regardless of the type
who developed rational emotive therapy
Albert Ellis
who discredited attempts to justify psychoanalysis on grounds other than scientific and believed that freuds view was natural science
Grunbaum
how many years does it take to become a clinical psychologist
about 9
used to denote evidence that a treatment has been shown to work in research conditions
efficacy
what are the three pillars of evidence based practice
- clinical expertise
- scientific research
- patients values and circumstances
whats the difference between efficacy and effectiveness
efficacy = does it work in perfect lab situations. efficiency = does it actually work in real life
Activities include policy development, program planning, research consultation, case management, discharge planning, counselling, psychotherapy, and advocacy
clinical social work
what did Emil Kraepelin do
believed all mental disordered were biological. devoted his career to the study and classification of mental disorders
which field receives more training in psychosocial functioning, psychological development, and cognition. clinical psychology or psychiatry
clinical psych
who opened the first psychology laboratory
Wilhelm Wundt
believed movements of the moon and stars
caused abnormal behaviour
paracelsus who was an alchemist
A theoretical framework that takes
into account biological, psychological, and social influences on health and illness
biopsychosocial approach
evidence that a treatment can work in the real world
effectiveness
how many years does it take to become a clinical psychiatrist
about 12
how many years does it take to become a social worker
about 4
______ training deals extensively with physiological and biochemical systems and emphasizes biological functioning and abnormalities
psychiatric
who developed the “gold standard” of IQ tests
David Wechsler
Clinical psychology was almost entirely a(n) _______ based discipline until the
middle part of the 20th century
assessment
what do school psychologists do
attention to social, emotional, and medical factors in the context of learning and development
Responsible for managing administrative matters in inpatient settings, providing psychoeducation and counselling, and supervising ancillary services provided by others
psychiatric nursing
what makes clinical psychology unique as a profession
helping people to look into the multiple aspects of life and personal experiences to understand the issue
pioneered the use of chemicals in the
treatment of disorders
paracelsus
Personality test used to screen for psychological disturbances among adults developed in the 1940s
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Credited as the first to create an elaborated approach to the psychotherapeutic treatment of common psychological problems
sigmund freud
