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Growth and Development > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This field focuses on the scientific study f the systematic processes of change and stability in people

A

Human development

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2
Q

Concept of human development as a lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically

A

Life-span development

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What is human development?

A

The scientific study of processes of change and stability

Human development encompasses various aspects of growth throughout life.

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5
Q

What are the important applications of developmental research?

A

Various fields including psychology, education, and medicine

Developmental research informs practices in multiple disciplines.

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6
Q

What has become a field of study due to interest in development through adulthood?

A

Life-span development

This field focuses on changes and stability throughout an individual’s life.

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7
Q

What are the main goals of the study of human development?

A

Describe, explain, predict, and intervene in development

These goals guide research and practical applications in human development.

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8
Q

Which disciplines do students of human development draw upon?

A

Psychology, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, biology, genetics, family science, education, history, philosophy, and medicine

This interdisciplinary approach enriches the understanding of human development.

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9
Q

How are methods of studying human development described?

A

Still evolving and making use of advanced technologies

The evolution of methods reflects the need for updated approaches in research.

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10
Q

True or False: Human development is only influenced by biological factors.

A

False

Human development is multiply influenced by both social and biological factors.

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11
Q

What does incorporating diversity into human development research benefit?

A

People, practices, and products

Diversity enhances the understanding and applicability of developmental research.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of human development seeks to _______ in development.

A

[intervene]

Intervention can occur when there are identifiable issues in development.

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13
Q

What do developmental scientists study?

A

Change and stability in all domains of development throughout the life span

Developmental scientists focus on how individuals grow and change over time.

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14
Q

What are the three major domains of development?

A
  • Physical
  • Cognitive
  • Psychosocial

These domains are interconnected and influence each other.

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15
Q

What is the concept of periods of development?

A

A social construction

It refers to the classification of life stages based on characteristic developmental needs and tasks.

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16
Q

How many periods is the life span divided into in this book?

A

Eight periods

These periods include prenatal, infancy and toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, emerging and young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.

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17
Q

List the eight periods of life span development.

A
  • Prenatal
  • Infancy and toddlerhood
  • Early childhood
  • Middle childhood
  • Adolescence
  • Emerging and young adulthood
  • Middle adulthood
  • Late adulthood

Each period has distinct developmental needs and tasks.

18
Q

True or False: Each period of development has the same developmental needs and tasks.

A

False

Each developmental period has characteristic needs and tasks specific to that stage.

19
Q

What affects the three major domains of development?

A

Each domain affects the others

The interrelation between physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains is crucial for understanding development.

20
Q

What are the two main influences on development?

A

Heredity and environment

These influences shape various aspects of an individual’s growth and development.

21
Q

What typical changes during childhood are related to?

A

Maturation

Maturation refers to the process of development that is biologically driven.

22
Q

What tends to happen to individual differences as age increases?

A

They tend to increase

This suggests that as people grow older, their unique characteristics become more pronounced.

23
Q

What type of family structure predominates in some societies?

A

Nuclear family

A nuclear family consists of two parents and their children.

24
Q

What type of family structure is common in other societies?

A

Extended family

An extended family includes additional relatives beyond the nuclear family.

25
Q

How does socioeconomic status (SES) affect developmental processes?

A

Through the quality of home and neighborhood environments, nutrition, medical care, and schooling

SES influences access to resources that are crucial for development.

26
Q

What impact did the COVID-19 pandemic have on existing disparities in development?

A

It exacerbated existing disparities

The pandemic highlighted and intensified inequalities in various sectors.

27
Q

What are some important environmental influences on development?

A

Culture, race/ethnicity, and historical context

These factors contribute significantly to an individual’s developmental trajectory.

28
Q

How do most scholars view race?

A

As a social construction

This perspective emphasizes that race is defined by societal norms rather than biological differences.

29
Q

What types of influences can developmental influences be categorized into?

A

Normative (age-graded or history-graded) or nonnormative

Normative influences are common experiences, while nonnormative influences are unique to individuals.

30
Q

What evidence exists regarding early development?

A

Critical or sensitive periods

These periods indicate times when specific experiences have a significant impact on development.

31
Q

What is the first principle of the life-span developmental approach?

A

Development is lifelong

This principle emphasizes that development continues throughout the entire human life span.

32
Q

What does the second principle of the life-span developmental approach state?

A

Development is multidimensional

This principle indicates that development encompasses various dimensions, including physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects.

33
Q

What is the third principle of the life-span developmental approach?

A

Development is multidirectional

This principle suggests that development can progress in multiple directions and is not linear.

34
Q

How do the influences of biology and culture change according to the life-span developmental approach?

A

The relative influences of biology and culture shift over the life span

This principle highlights that different stages of life may emphasize biological or cultural influences differently.

35
Q

What does the fifth principle of the life-span developmental approach involve?

A

Development involves changing resource allocations

This principle refers to how individuals allocate time, energy, and resources differently at various stages of life.

36
Q

What is indicated by the principle of plasticity in the life-span developmental approach?

A

Development shows plasticity

This means that individuals can adapt and change throughout their lives, allowing for growth and development in response to experiences.

37
Q

What does the last principle of the life-span developmental approach state about development?

A

Development is influenced by the historical and cultural context

This principle indicates that the time period and cultural environment in which a person lives significantly affect their development.

38
Q

Define the term ‘Critical period’

A

A specific time frame during development when the organism is particularly sensitive to certain environmental stimuli.

Examples include language acquisition in children and the development of vision in infants.

39
Q

What are internal influences on development?

A

Factors that originate from within the individual, such as genetics, biological processes, and personal experiences.

Examples include inherited traits and hormonal changes.

40
Q

What are external influences on development?

A

Factors that come from outside the individual, including social, cultural, and environmental conditions.

Examples include family dynamics, education, and socioeconomic status.

Growth and Development (5 decks)

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