Chapter 1

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

Father of modern psychology. Used the introspection technique and discovered mental structures. George Arps was Wundt’s student.

Question 2

Charles Darwin (scientist)

Answer 2

Gave rise to functionalism. The function of love is reproduction.

Question 3

Ivan Pavlov (biologist)

Answer 3

Automatic behaviors. Dogs salivating to the sound of human footsteps is an unconscious behavior.

Question 4

Sigmund Freud (neurologist)

Answer 4

Behavior comes from the mother.

Question 5

Jean Piaget (developmentalist)

Answer 5

Had a grand theory (cognitive development) that explained all human behavior and development.

Question 6

William James (philosopher and psychologist)

Answer 6

Father of American psychology. Taught us about human nature and how we are a product of our minds.

Question 7

Max Wertheimer (psychologist)

Answer 7

Sensory systems and psychology. Confabulation: every memory is a mixture of fact and how your brain interprets it.

Question 8

Skinner and Watson

Answer 8

Only radical behaviors. Humans just follow orders and there is no such thing as free will. First people to employ the scientific method.

Question 9

Rogers and Maslow

Answer 9

Humans are born of drive, power, and integrity. Voice inside of us that make it so we are ok and don’t need validation to be ok.

Question 10

Ulric Neisser (cognitive psychologist)

Answer 10

Three basic psychologies: emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.

Question 11

Mary Whiton Calkins, Margaret Floy Washburn, Mary Dinsmore Ainsworth, and Rosalie Rayner

Answer 11

Amazing non-licensed psychologist, first women to earn PhD, stopped lots of parent abuse, Little Albert Experiment.

Question 12

Four big Ideas in psychology

Answer 12

Critical thinking, biopsychosocial approach, track mind and conscious/unconscious process, exploring human strength.

Question 13

Case Study

Answer 13

In depth detail about a person. One human being compared to the next are far more alike than they are different.
Weakness: We don’t know how the individuals relate or differ.

Question 14

Survey

Answer 14

Easy way to collect data.
Weakness: Return rate is less than 50% (so a minority), and Acquiescing to the positive position (participants will answer how they think they should). Ego Ideal: the person you wish you were affects how you answer questions.

Question 15

Correlation

Answer 15

Scatter Plot, sees trends.
Weakness: doesn’t always apply (height correlates with masculinity but height does not determine a persons masculinity).

Question 16

Experiment: Random

Answer 16

Random Selection: every individual has the opportunity to be in the study.
Random Assignment: dividing people into groups. Purpose - to make groups equal.

Question 17

Experiment: Control

Answer 17

Divided groups that are given different things (different doses of a drug to see if it gives depression).
Independent Variable: Manipulatable (the mg in the drug test).
Dependent variable: Relies on manipulations (did participants get depression?)
Confounds/Extraneous variable: Anything that can screw up a test (More males in one group than the other, diet, etc.).

Question 18

Blind Procedures

Answer 18

Used to prevent bias by withholding information from participants or researchers.
Single-blind study: participants are unaware
Double-blind study: both participants and researchers are unaware.

Question 19

Bias

Answer 19

Researchers expectations can determine outcomes.
Reactivity: when we know we’re being observed and react the way we think we should.