Chapter 1 Flashcards
Wilhelm Wundt
Father of modern psychology. Used the introspection technique and discovered mental structures. George Arps was Wundt’s student.
Charles Darwin (scientist)
Gave rise to functionalism. The function of love is reproduction.
Ivan Pavlov (biologist)
Automatic behaviors. Dogs salivating to the sound of human footsteps is an unconscious behavior.
Sigmund Freud (neurologist)
Behavior comes from the mother.
Jean Piaget (developmentalist)
Had a grand theory (cognitive development) that explained all human behavior and development.
William James (philosopher and psychologist)
Father of American psychology. Taught us about human nature and how we are a product of our minds.
Max Wertheimer (psychologist)
Sensory systems and psychology. Confabulation: every memory is a mixture of fact and how your brain interprets it.
Skinner and Watson
Only radical behaviors. Humans just follow orders and there is no such thing as free will. First people to employ the scientific method.
Rogers and Maslow
Humans are born of drive, power, and integrity. Voice inside of us that make it so we are ok and don’t need validation to be ok.
Ulric Neisser (cognitive psychologist)
Three basic psychologies: emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.
Mary Whiton Calkins, Margaret Floy Washburn, Mary Dinsmore Ainsworth, and Rosalie Rayner
Amazing non-licensed psychologist, first women to earn PhD, stopped lots of parent abuse, Little Albert Experiment.
Four big Ideas in psychology
Critical thinking, biopsychosocial approach, track mind and conscious/unconscious process, exploring human strength.
Case Study
In depth detail about a person. One human being compared to the next are far more alike than they are different.
Weakness: We don’t know how the individuals relate or differ.
Survey
Easy way to collect data.
Weakness: Return rate is less than 50% (so a minority), and Acquiescing to the positive position (participants will answer how they think they should). Ego Ideal: the person you wish you were affects how you answer questions.
Correlation
Scatter Plot, sees trends.
Weakness: doesn’t always apply (height correlates with masculinity but height does not determine a persons masculinity).
Experiment: Random
Random Selection: every individual has the opportunity to be in the study.
Random Assignment: dividing people into groups. Purpose - to make groups equal.
Experiment: Control
Divided groups that are given different things (different doses of a drug to see if it gives depression).
Independent Variable: Manipulatable (the mg in the drug test).
Dependent variable: Relies on manipulations (did participants get depression?)
Confounds/Extraneous variable: Anything that can screw up a test (More males in one group than the other, diet, etc.).
Blind Procedures
Used to prevent bias by withholding information from participants or researchers.
Single-blind study: participants are unaware
Double-blind study: both participants and researchers are unaware.
Bias
Researchers expectations can determine outcomes.
Reactivity: when we know we’re being observed and react the way we think we should.
