Chapter 1

Question 1

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

Answer 1

outlines the process oof memory as involving three main stages:
sensory memory
short-term memory
long-term memory

Question 2

encoding

Answer 2

conversion of sensory information into a form that can be stored in memory

Question 3

Apollo Robins

Answer 3

gentleman thief - known for pickpocketing, misdirection, and psychological manipulation

uses techniques to divert attention away from his actions

Question 4

stages of action model

Answer 4

outlines the stages of human action, involving execution, evaluation, and formulation

Question 5

theory of affordances

Answer 5

describe the relationship between object and its user, based on perceived action possibilities

Question 6

ecological validity

Answer 6

refers to the extent to which research findings and conclusions from a study accurately reflect real-life settings

Question 7

define channel capacity

Answer 7

the max amount of information that can be transmitted by an information-processing device

Question 8

waugh and Norman’s model of information processing

Answer 8

differentiates between primary and secondary memory
primary: immediate, requires rehearsal to retain
secondary: stores knowledge acquired earlier, absent from awareness

Question 9

compare primary and secondary memory

Answer 9

primary holds immediate experiences
secondary stores past knowledge indefinitely

Question 10

cognitive ethology

Answer 10

integrates real-world observations with lab-based studies
offers specific suggestions for studying cognition in natural settings

Question 11

metacognition

Answer 11

knowledge about the way cognitive processes work
understanding how cognitive processes work
essential for advancing in the study of cognitive psychology

Question 12

advantages of the information processing approach

Answer 12

provides a framework for understanding cognition
allows for systematic study

Question 13

limitations for the information processing approach

Answer 13

may oversimplify complex cognitive processes
may not fully capture real-world cognition

Question 14

folk psychology vs introspection

Answer 14

folk: knowledge derived from everyday observation
introspection: knowledge gained through personal reflection

both contribute to understanding cognition but lack scientific rigour

Question 15

perceptual cycle

Answer 15

interaction between schemas ad environmental informationc

Question 16

schemas

Answer 16

mental framework organizing knowledge