Chapter 1

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

any disturbance in function or structure of body

Question 2

acute illness

Answer 2

short term/sudden onset
decreases w/age

Question 3

chronic illness

Answer 3

long lasting (>6mo)
increases w/age

Question 4

idiopathic

Answer 4

unknown cause of disease

Question 5

etiology

Answer 5

cause of disease

Question 6

pathogenesis

Answer 6

formation (history and development) of disease

Question 7

nosocomial

Answer 7

cause of disease is from hospital

Question 8

iatrogenic

Answer 8

cause of disease is secondary to medical procedure

Question 9

incidence

Answer 9

number of new cases

Question 10

prevalence

Answer 10

total number of cases

Question 11

sensitivity

Answer 11

true positive rate

Question 12

specificity

Answer 12

true negative rate

Question 13

sign

Answer 13

can be measured, objective
ie. blood pressure, fever

Question 14

symptom

Answer 14

can be felt, subjective, immeasurable
ie. nausea, stomach ache,

Question 15

relationship between structure and function in terms of disease

Answer 15

structural disease: something happens to the structure of something
functional disease: something functionally goes wrong (hypertension, mental health)

Question 16

abnormal vs. normal

Answer 16

normal parameters vs. parameters measured outside of normal

Question 17

sick vs. healthy

Answer 17

presence or absence of disease
does not deal with signs or symptoms

Question 18

normal values of diagnostic test

Answer 18

how far away are you from normal range

Question 19

characteristics of a good screening test

Answer 19

inexpensive, safe, easy, noninvasive

Question 20

screening test vs. diagnostic test

Answer 20

screening tests are used in patients with no signs or symptoms vs. diagnostic tests used in patients at risk for certain disease or those w/symptoms

Question 21

how to calculate sensitivity

Answer 21

number of true positives/total number with illness

Question 22

how to calculate specificity

Answer 22

number of true negatives/total number without illness

Question 23

how to calculate positive predictive value

Answer 23

true positive/(true positive+false positives)

Question 24

how to calculate negative predictive value

Answer 24

true negative/(true negative+false negative)

Question 25

how does disease prevalence influence a diagnostic test?

Answer 25

if the prevalence is high, tests should be run; but if low prevalence, there is no need for diagnostic testing

Question 26

palliative care

Answer 26

special treatment where disease is managed and cured

Question 27

hospice care

Answer 27

comforting help to patient where disease cannot be cured, specifically used to manage and comfort pt