Chapter 1

Question 1

principles of biology

Answer 1

1 cells are the simplest units of life
2 living organisms Use energy
3 living orgs interacts with their environment
4 living orgs maintains homeostasis
5 living orgs grow & develop
6 the genetic material provide a blueprint for reproduction
7 populations of orgs evolves from 1 generation t the next
8 all species are related by an evolutionary history
9 structure determines function
10 New properties of life emerge from complex interactions
11 biology is an experimental science
12 biology affects our society

Question 2

Levels of organization

Answer 2

Atoms
Molecules & macromolecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Question 3

When & how life began?

Answer 3

About 3.5-4 billion years ago as primitive cells

Question 4

Evolutionary change

Answer 4

Modifications of characteristics in pre-existing populations, structure modified to serve New purposes

Question 5

Vertical decent with mutation

Answer 5

New species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutation

Question 6

Natural selection

Answer 6

Takes advantage of beneficial mutations

Question 7

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 7

Genetic exchange between different species

Question 8

Tree of life

Answer 8

Only focuses on vertical evolution

Question 9

Web of life

Answer 9

Invlueds both vertical & horizontal gene transfer

Question 10

Taxonomy

Answer 10

The grouping of species based on common ancestor

Question 11

3 domain or categories

Answer 11

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 12

Bacteria

Answer 12

Unicellular prokaryote (no nucleus)

Question 13

Archaea

Answer 13

Unicellular prokaryote (different evolutionary history than bacteria)

Question 14

Eukarya

Answer 14

Unicellular to multicellular eukaryotes (have a nucleus)

Question 15

Taxonomic groups

Answer 15

1 domain
2 kingdom
3 phylum
4 class
5 order
6 family
7 Genus
8 species

Question 16

Genome

Answer 16

The complete genetic makeup of an org.

Question 17

Proteomes

Answer 17

The complet complement of proteins that a cell or org can make

Question 18

Hypothesis

Answer 18

Proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon, based on previous observation/ experimenta study s

Question 19

Hypothes@smust make predictions that can be shown to be what?

Answer 19

Corect/incorrect

Question 20

What support/rejects a hypothesis

Answer 20

Additional observations/experiments

Question 21

A hypothesis can never….

Answer 21

Be really proven, represents best explanation

Question 22

Theory

Answer 22

Broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is substantiated by a large body of evidence

Question 23

Theory allows

Answer 23

To make many predictions

Question 24

Theory can….

Answer 24

Never be proven true, extremely likely to be true

Question 25

2 general approaches for scientific discovery

Answer 25

Discovery-based Science
Hypothesis testing

Question 26

Discovery- based science

Answer 26

Collection & analysis of data without the need for a preconceived hypothesis

Question 27

What’s the goal for discovery-based science

Answer 27

To gather information

Question 28

Test a hypothesis

Answer 28

Explain observed phenomenon

Question 29

5 stages of hypothesis testing

Answer 29

Observation made regarding natural phenomena
The observation lead to a hypothesis that tries to explain the phenomena
Experimentation is conducted
The data from the experiment are analyzed
The hypothesis is accepted or rejected