Chapter 1

Question 0

Bits

Answer 0

Binary Digits- the most basic unit of information, only two possible outcomes with equal likelihood.

Question 1

Weight

Answer 1

Is not a functional property, it is a state of description

Question 2

Information Theory

Answer 2

The theory that the information provided by a particular event is inversely related to the probability of its occurence

Question 3

Filter Model

Answer 3

a theory based on the idea that imformation processing is restricted by channel capacity

Question 4

Channel Capacity

Answer 4

The maximum amount of information that can be transmitted by an information processing device

Question 5

Introspection

Answer 5

‘looking inward’ to observe one’s own thoughts and feelings

Question 6

Primary Memory

Answer 6

What we are aware of in the ‘immediately present moment’; often termed ‘immediate memory’ or ‘short term memory’

Question 7

Secondary Memory

Answer 7

Knowledge acquired at an earlier time that is stored indefinitely, and is absent from awareness; also called ‘long term memory’

Question 8

Brown-Petersen Task

Answer 8

An experimental paradigm in which subjects are given a set of items then a number. Subjects immediately begin counting backward by threes from the number and, after a specific interval, are asked to recall the original items

Question 9

Ecological Approach

Answer 9

A form of psychological inquiry that reflects conditions in the real world

Question 10

Affordances

Answer 10

the potential functions or uses of stimuli (objects and events) in the real world

Question 11

Information pickup

Answer 11

The processes whereby we receive information directly

Question 12

Schema

Answer 12

An expectation concerning what we are likely to find as we explore the world

Question 13

Perceptual cycle

Answer 13

The process whereby our schemas guide our exploration of the world and in turn are shaped by what we find there

Question 14

Cognitive Ethology

Answer 14

A new research approach that links real world observations with laboratory based studies

Question 15

Metacognition

Answer 15

knowledge about the way that cognitive processes work; understanding of our own cognitive processes

Question 17

Cognitive Ethology Approach

Answer 17

1) Carefully observe and describe behavior as it naturally occurs
2) Then move it into the laboratory and gradually simplify relevant factors
3) Test to find out whether lab findings predict, as well as explain, real world phenomenon

Question 18

Folk Psychology

Answer 18

an umbrella term for various assumptions and thoeries based on the everyday behaviour of ourselves and others

Question 19

Action-perception Cycle

Answer 19

like broadbent model
Sensation
Attention
Perception
Action