Chapter 1 Flashcards
subvention
n.
- Provision of help, aid, or support.
- An endowment or a subsidy, as that given by a government to an institution for research; a grant of financial aid.
visceral
adj.
- Relating to, situated in, or affecting the viscera.
- Being or arising from impulse or sudden emotion [instinctive] rather than from thought or deliberation
fatalism
n.
- The doctrine that all events are predetermined by fate and are therefore unalterable.
- Acceptance of the belief that all events are predetermined and inevitable.
deference
n.
Submission or courteous respect given to another, often in recognition of authority.
rancor
n.
Bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will: He was filled with rancor after losing his job.
dereliction
n. 1. Willful neglect, as of duty or principle. 2. a. The act of abandoning; abandonment. b. A state of abandonment or neglect.
sordid
adj. 1. Morally degraded 2. a. Dirty or filthy: sordid clothing. b. Squalid or wretched: a sordid tenement.
thespian
adj.
- Of or relating to drama; dramatic: thespian talents.
- Thespian Of or relating to Thespis.
n. An actor or actress.
Machiavellian
adj.
- Of or relating to Machiavelli or Machiavellianism.
- Suggestive of or characterized by expediency, deceit, and cunning.
operationalism
n.
Philosophy
The view that all theoretical terms in science must be defined only by their procedures or operations.
tacit
adj.
- Not spoken: indicated tacit approval by smiling and winking.
- Implied by or inferred from actions or statements: Management has given its tacit approval to the plan.
- Archaic Not speaking; silent.
eviscerate
v. tr.
1. To remove the entrails of; disembowel.
2. To take away a vital or essential part of; weaken, damage, or destroy: a compromise that eviscerated the proposed bill.
3. Medicine
a. To remove the contents of (an organ).
b. To remove an organ, such as an eye, from (a patient).
proclivities
n. pl.
A natural propensity or inclination; a predisposition: a proclivity for exaggeration; a proclivity to complain.
anomie/ anomy
n.
- Social instability caused by erosion of standards and values.
- Alienation and purposelessness experienced by a person or a class as a result of a lack of standards, values, or ideals
penology
n.
The study, theory, and practice of prison management and criminal rehabilitation.
commiserate
v.
To feel or express sorrow or pity for; sympathize with: commiserated over their failure.
nativism
n.
- A sociopolitical policy, especially in the United States in the 1800s, favoring the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants.
- The reestablishment or perpetuation of native cultural traits, especially in opposition to acculturation.
sacrosanct
adj.
Regarded as sacred and inviolable.
adage
n.
A saying that sets forth a general truth and that has gained credit through long use.
quintessential
adj.
Of, relating to, or having the nature of a quintessence; being the most typical: “Liszt was the quintessential romantic” (Musical Heritage Review).
silos
n. pl
1.
a. A usually tall cylindrical structure, typically next to a barn, in which silage is produced and stored.
b. Any of several other structures or containers used for the same purpose, such as a covered trench or a polyethylene bag.
2. An underground shelter for a missile, usually equipped to launch the missile or to raise it into a launching position.
propitious
adj.
- Presenting favorable circumstances or showing signs of a favorable outcome; auspicious: “Grandmothers consulted almanacs to determine a propitious hour for the betrothal”
- Merciful or kindly: a propitious deity.
improprieties
n. pl.
1. The quality or condition of being improper.
2. An improper act.
3. An improper or unacceptable usage in speech or writing.
shrewd
adj.
- Having or showing a clever awareness or resourcefulness, especially in practical matters.
- Disposed to or marked by artful and cunning practices; tricky.
- Archaic Sharp; penetrating: a shrewd wind.
austere
adj.
- Severe or stern in disposition or appearance; somber and grave: the austere figure of a Puritan minister.
- Strict or severe in discipline; ascetic: a desert nomad’s austere life.
- Having no adornment or ornamentation; bare: an austere style.
