Chapter 1 (1.1)

Question 1

Definition of stimulus

Answer 1

A change in the environment that produces a reaction in a living organism

Question 2

Definition of response

Answer 2

A reaction produced in answer to a stimulus

Question 3

What does the human nervous system consist?

Answer 3

-Brain
-Spinal cord
-Peripheral nervous system

Question 4

What is the human nervous system responsible for?

Answer 4

Responsible for coordination in the human body
Coordination ensures that the activities of an organism function efficiently

Question 5

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 5

-Brain
-Spinal cord

Question 6

What is the function of the brain?

Answer 6

Controls all the actions and responses of the body

Question 7

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 7

-Cranial nerves (number of cranial nerves : 12,connecting the brain to the sensory and internal organs)
-Spinal nerves (number of cranial nerves : 31,connecting the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles)

Question 8

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 8

-Transmits signal to the central nervous system for processing
-Transmits response from the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Question 9

What does receptors produce when a stimulus is detected?

Answer 9

Electrical messages -> nerve impulses

Question 10

State the order when stimulus is detected.

Answer 10

Stimulus -> Receptors -> Nerves -> Brain -> Nerves -> Effectors -> Response

Question 11

What part of the brain is responsible for all voluntary action?

Answer 11

Cerebrum
Extra info : Cerebrum is the largest and most complex part of the brain

Question 12

What part of the brain is responsible for all involuntary action?

Answer 12

Medulla oblongata

Question 14

What are the characteristics of voluntary action?

Answer 14

Under conscious control

Question 15

What are the characteristics of involuntary action?

Answer 15

-Immediate action that does not require conscious effect
-Without conscious control or prior thoughts

Question 16

What are the examples of involuntary actions involving medulla oblongata and spinal cord (reflex actions)

Answer 16

Involving medulla oblongata
-Heartbeat
-Breathing
-Peristalsis
-Secretion of saliva

Involving spinal cord (reflex actions)
-Withdrawing hand when it accidentally touches a hot object
-Withdrawing foot when it accidentally steps on a sharp object
-Sneezing when dust enters the nose