Chapter 03 Flashcards
- Challenges inherent in providing ethical leadership in a police agency.
Aligning one’s actions with one’s words.
Combating bias-based policing.
Preventing misuse of force.
Eradicating police misconduct.
- They must demonstrate all these competencies while also fulfilling the distinct role of public safety officer.
Police leaders
- They must always remember that just one instance of unethical behavior can destroy a person’s trustworthiness and reputation.
Police leaders
- Demonstrate specific actions, behaviors, and personal qualities, including trustworthiness, commitment to the agency’s mission, courage, compassion, and accountability for outcomes.
Administrators and managers who function as ethical leaders
- Practices that incorporate prejudicial judgments that are inappropriately applied.
Bias based policing
- Bias based policing includes practices by …
Individual officers, supervisors, managerial practices, and departmental programs.
- Bias based policing incorporates prejudicial judgments based on…
Gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, economic status, Religious beliefs, or age.
- Is a key concern for Police agencies.
Racial profiling
- An agency’s specific policies and procedures are known as…
General orders, special orders, and rules and regulations.
- The best and most proven way to prevent misconduct.
Thorough training at the beginning of an officers career and ongoing mentoring and in-service training.
- To identify symptoms of chronic stress or burn out which may lead to misconduct.
Mentors and trainers should monitor officers throughout their careers.
- Before deciding whether behavior qualifies as misconduct and how severe the infraction most agencies prefer to…
examine each incident in its context.
- An agency avoids embarrassing and costly lawsuits by…
preventing misconduct.
- Offenses which constituted only about half of arrest related deaths.
Violent offenses.
- From 2003 to 2005 property offenses, drug offenses, public order offenses, and no criminal charges intended accounted for what percentage of arrest related deaths?
40%
- The increasing number of arrest related deaths correlate to…
Tasers and other conducted energy devices.
- The number of Taser or CED involved deaths escalated from…
(3) in 2003 to (24) in 2005.
- Police agencies must be ever cognizant that (__) related deaths involving (__ __) are on the rise.
(arrest) (law enforcement)
- Is essential for addressing and possibly preventing arrest related deaths.
Credible and documented training in the use of both armed and unarmed use of force techniques.
- Congress amended Civil Rights Act of 1871, which allows victims of alleged abuse to…
file lawsuits against the police agencies and individual officers responsible.
- Along with the realization that police conduct had to change regarding use of force, the U.S. Congress…
passed and subsequently amended the civil rights act of 1871.
- All of these come into question in wrongful death lawsuits.
Agency training, supervision, policies, officer actions, and officer assignments.
- Accounts for 54.7% of the total number of deaths for all causes.
Homicide by law enforcement.
- To prove they are delivering excellent service police agencies must…
Continually provide statistical data.
- DHS has developed standardized courses on…
incident command and management
- DHS has developed discipline and agency SPECIFIC…
incident management courses
- No police agency can afford to neglect assessing it’s…
vulnerability to liability lawsuits over arrest-related deaths.
- A particularly crucial preparedness activity.
Training.
- Adverse opinions about members of a specific group that are formed without sufficient knowledge of those individuals.
Prejudice
- The most blatant example of bias-based policing today.
Racial Profiling
- It is an assault on people’s humanity.
Prejudice
- Experts agree that preventing such bias-based policing (racial profiling) begins and ends with …
communication between police and citizens.
- It fosters harmony and is the antidote to profiling.
Familiarity
- The more citizens know about how the police do their jobs, the less likely it is that citizens will formulate…
misconceptions that distance police from those they serve.
- The more officers interact with citizens, the more they will come to…
know and appreciate the similarities and differences among them.
- Time when the American public turned it’s attention to the way police officers conducted themselves.
In the 60s and 70s.
- Should be considered as a viable option in subject resistance situations.
Less than lethal weapons, such as a Taser device
- In the 60s and 70s, newspapers reported brutality on the part of police when they arrested, detained, or interrogated prisoners, especially if the prisoners were…
members of minority groups.
- Is strictly governed by Laws, policies, and procedures designed to keep officers and suspects safe.
Use of force, especially deadly force
- The best way to ensure that an officer does not “Cross the line” regarding use of force.
Through training from day (1).
- The best alternative for handling potentially dangerous situations.
Effective tactical communication to reduce conflict.
- Officers may deploy a chemical spray agent to…
gain compliance.
- Has reduced the number of complaints of misuse of force, biased based policing and other misconduct.
Training and consistent, continuous mentoring of recruits and less experienced officers.
- Has reduced complaints about misuse of force.
Aggressive investigations.
Severe punishments.
- Use of Force Continuum: To stop threatening behavior or restrain an individual an officer may use a…
physical force hand-in-hand technique.
- When agencies confined to their own jurisdiction had to deal with cross jurisdictional crime, they often had to get assistance from..
private police.
- Police agencies can no longer operate in isolated pockets owing to the …
Terror attacks of 9/11, globalization, and international unrest.
- Manifested as increased flows of people, information, and goods across national borders.
Globalization.
- To Maintain peaceful and safe communities and achieve homeland security, agencies at all levels and in every region and state in the nation must…
Share information and Resources.
- The establishment of the US Department of Homeland Security was a major step towards this goal.
Agencies at all levels, and every region, and state in the nation sharing information and resources.
- Terrorism, natural or human caused disasters, and pandemics, are examples of…
Domestic or foreign initiated threats or hazards.
- DHS National STRATEGY for Homeland Security three MAJOR goals:
- Prevent terrorists attacks w/in US.
- Reduce American vulnerability to terrorism.
- Minimize damage/recover from attacks.
- DHS goals include…
(Increasing awareness of threats to homeland security), (preventing terrorism) (defining/executing strategies to protect the nation, infrastructure, property, and people).
- DHS’s stated VISION.
Preserve freedom through defense of the homeland.
- Local, county, and state police agencies are required to maintain a heightened state of readiness regarding…
SPECIFIC threats (bombs in subways, poisons in water supplies, explosives entering the country on container ships coming into ports).
- In addition, such agencies must provide their personnel with training in “how to (__) and (__) homeland security-related incidents”.
(anticipate) (address)
- Four phases of emergency mgmt emphasized by DHS.
Phase 1 Mitigation
Phase 2 Preparedness
Phase 3 Response
Phase 4 Recovery
- Phase of emerg mgmt where Pub safety agncys assess range of risks, to ID vulnerabilities to terrst attacks/catastrophic events, (hurricanes / earthquakes), then seek to reduce those risks.
Phase 1 Mitigation
- Phase? Homeland security perspective of risk reduction practices: pass screening at airports, pilots of pvt planes rpt who on board before landing in US.
Phase 1 Mitigation
- This phase facilitates rapid response.
Phase 2 Preparedness
- In This phase emerg personnel are regularly trained, tested, and certified to ensure fast and appropriate response to catastrophic events.
Phase 2 Preparedness
- What highly trained personnel provide when an emergency occurs.
Rapid response
- In this phase personnel respond based on training, and scope of the emergency: (1-preserve human life), (2-attend dead-respectful manner), (3-address prop considerations).
Phase 3 Response
- Phase 3 response: at the scene, responders should function as “(__) and (__) leaders” who bring (__) to chaos and comfort to the (__) and (__).
(calm) (capable) (order) (confused) (injured)
- DHS was created in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and dedicated to encouraging an (__ __) to (__ __), especially as it relates to terrorism.
(interagency approach) (policing strategies)
- In this phase public safety agencies analyze statistical measurements of loss of life, injuries sustained, and the values of property lost.
Phase 4 recovery.
- Comprehensive natl pub safety STRATEGY designed to prevent maj events and foster effective responses to events that do occur.
Homeland security
- This phase comes in the aftermath of an emergency and entails a return to conditions that prevailed before the event.
Phase 4 recovery.
- This phase helps ensure medical attn will reach people quickly and criminal perpetrators of emerg events will be identified/apprehended swiftly.
Phase 2 prepardness
- Powerful tools public safety agencies use for communicating and working together.
(NIMS)-Natl Incident Mgmt Sys.
(SEMS)-Standardized Emerg Mgmt Sys.
- Provides a way for pub safety agencies to develop policies/processes for wkg together to prevent/manage emergencies.
NIMS
- Operational protocols, PROCs, and stds are developed by SOHS and administered thru AGCYs at various levels of govt.
NIMS
- NIMS’ aim is to bring together (__) practices for addressing (__) incidents and (__) those practices into a (__) that public and private organizations can use to address (__ __).
(best) (critical) (incorporate)
framework) (emergency situations
- Nationwide program by which pub safety agencies develop policies and processes for collectively preventing and managing emergencies.
NIMS
- NIMS key components:
Cmnd/mgmt structs. Comms/info mgmt. Prepdns activities. Spprtg technolgies.
Resource mgmt. Ongoing mgmt/maint.
- Nationwide prog by which pub safety agcys develop policies and processes for collectively (preventing and managing) emergencies.
NIMS
- ICS consists of oper procedures as well as responders from…
fire depts, police AGCYs, emerg med tms, govts, and Red Cross (all orgs inv in various phases of the incid).
- Provides a way for pub safety agencies to develop policies/processes for wkg together to prevent/manage emergencies.
(NIMS)-Natl Incident Mgmt Sys.
- These systems define how organizations cooperate and work together to provide comprehensive and productive service delivery.
Multi-Agency Coordination Systems
- Processes, procedures, systems for communicating timely/accurate info to the pub during a crisis or emerg sit.
Public Information Systems
- Public Information Systems provides for a PIO, who communicates directly with the …
- print and electronic media
- operational ldrshp of the ICS
- These activities are instituted before an incident and include deciding how an agency will use personnel, equip, and other resources during an incident.
Preparedness Activities
- Multi-Agency Coordination Systems support incident management for those entities engaged in the incident at the federal, state, local, tribal, and regional levels, by providing…
organizational structure, operational procedures, and interactive management components through written agreements and other arrangements for assistance at critical incidents.
- Under this component, agncys are expected to forge mutual aid agreements guaranteeing sharing of resources, facilities, svcs, and supp as needed.
Preparedness Activities
- Under this component, report forms/standardize procedures, agncys can dist to responders during an incid, are examples of standardized forms/documents provided by DHS.
Preparedness Activities.
- Under Preparedness Activities, individuals who successfully complete training receive a…
personnel qualification certification.
- In this component, NIMS defines requirements including standardized processes/reporting procs that est forms and categorization in order to, over the life cycle of an incid, descr, inv, disp, track, and recover resources.
Resource Management
- NIMS key component: Indivs who demo that they acquired/can oper and demo equip is compatible with other agencies, receive an …
Equipment Acquisition and Operations Certification (Preparedness Activities)
- Under this component, commo between fire and police, as well as EMS, Red Cross, trans, and housing svcs is critical, therefore commo sys should be compatible/not interfere with one another.
Communications and Info Mgmt
- Effective incident mgmt hinges on this.
Inter-operable comm processes, procedures, systems to support array of incid mgmt activities across jurisdictions and agcys.
- Under this component, Info mgmt guidelines cover topics including how agencies should Collect, analyze, distribute, and share information about the incident.
Communications and Info Mgmt
- The NIMS key component that provides guidelines for agency communications and use of info during an incid.
Communications and Info Mgmt:
- Under the Communications and Info Mgmt component, info about the incident must flow easily and quickly to support the following:
- Agencies/jurisdictions responsible for managing
and directing the incident. - Persons or systems affected by incident.
- Those trying to help bring resolution to incident.
- Under the Communications and Info Mgmt component, effective decision-making, direction, and the appropriate implementation of critical resources are driven by…
vital and timely information management.
- NIMS component describes the key technologies and technological systems needed to support and refine NIMS.
Supporting Technologies
- This component identifies activities for evaluating and continuously improving the system.
Ongoing Management and Maintenance
- This component stipulates that video systems used by emerg response personnel in real-time situations must be interoperable w/in and across all involved agencies providing critical response.
Supporting Technologies
- Under this key component, multiagency practical exercises are assessed to determine which tactics need improvement/modification.
Ongoing Management and Maintenance
- Individual states comply with NIMS by developing…
State-Level Standardized Emerg Mgmt PLANS.
- Most states offer emergency management guidelines known as the…
Standardized Emerg Mgmt SYSTEM (SEMS)
- SEMS guidelines aim to ensure that (__-__ __ __ _ _) complies with NIMS guidelines.
(state-level agencies’ emergency management system)
- Information on emergency mgmt for first responders and constituents.
SEMS guidelines for state plans compliance with NIMS.
- Documented procedures for responding to incidents in the field and as an organization.
SEMS guidelines for state plans compliance with NIMS.
- Misc emerg prevention and preparedness info, including plans for responding to winter rainstorms, landslides, earthquakes, and wildfires.
SEMS guidelines for state plans compliance with NIMS.
- Training in how NIMS works.
SEMS guidelines for state plans compliance with NIMS.
- An information mgmt system that supports effective response to critical incidents.
SEMS guidelines for state plans compliance with NIMS.
- Emergency preparedness recommendations for families.
SEMS guidelines for state plans compliance with NIMS.
- NIMS key component: Individuals who can demonstrate they acquired and can operate equipment and demonstrate it is compatible with other agencies, receive an …
Equipment Acquisition and Operations Certification (Preparedness Activities)
- Still relatively new, they are solidly established and still evolving as organizations gain experience applying them to emergencies and homeland security issues.
NIMS and SEMS
- Should define and encourage ethical behavior and adherence to high moral for personnel throughout their agency.
Police administrators
- As the saying goes, “actions speak louder than words,” and whenever a person’s behavior conflicts with that individuals’s statements…
it is the behavior-not the words-that others notice most.
