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Chapter 01 Flashcards

1
Q

7.What event inspired development of local police depts in the U.S. just seven years after being enacted, beginning with Boston Massachusetts.

A

The Metropolitan police act enacted by the British Parliament in 1829.

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2
Q
  1. King Henry II established “common-law” in 12th century England which included a…
A

Judiciary that gave each county a King’s judge.

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3
Q
  1. King Henry II’s Common Law: During this time, laws were enforced by…
A

Appointees of the Lords of each county.

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4
Q
  1. Under common law, who meted out justice to the common folk?
A

The County judge, along with 12 local men.

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5
Q
  1. Many laws we abide by in the United States today, such as those related to theft and homicide have their origin in…
A

12th century England.

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6
Q
  1. New York City set up a formal local police department in…
A

1844, 15 yrs later.

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7
Q
  1. Police administration has evolved in these important respects.
A
  1. How they’re organized.

2. Core strategy for providing value to community.

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8
Q
  1. The London Metropolitan police was founded in 1829 through the…
A

British Parliament’s enactment of the Metropolitan police act.

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9
Q
  1. The first organization resembling the state police force and when it came into being.
A

The Texas Rangers in 1823.

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10
Q
  1. As local, state, and fed law enforcement organizations evolved, so did the notion that police should have the right to (__ __).
A

(collective bargaining)

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11
Q
  1. As early as 1893, the national chiefs of police union, forerunner of the international Association of Chiefs of police (IACP) was established largely through the efforts of…
A

Progressive Omaha, Nebraska, police chief Weber Seavey.

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12
Q
  1. From the mid 19th century to about 1930, policing was about…
A

Community Service.

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13
Q
  1. Originally more of a nonuniformed state militia.
A

The Texas rangers.

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14
Q
  1. The development of national level law-enforcement organizations took a large step with the creation of the…
A

Bureau of investigation in 1908, subsequently renamed the Federal Bureau of investigation or FBI.

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15
Q
  1. The first federal law enforcement agency in America had been created a century earlier in…
A

1789, when President George Washington appointed eight United States marshals.

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16
Q
  1. According to these reports, many areas needed addressing, especially police brutality, through which police used mental and physical torture to elicit confessions from suspects.
A

14 Wickersham Commission reports.

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17
Q
  1. National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (Wickersham Commission): The commissioners’ recommendations:
A

Centralizing administration in a police jurisdiction, establishing higher personnel standards, and adopting a more professional approach to policing in general.

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18
Q
  1. The Wickersham Commission ushered in a period when police authority derived…
A

More from law than from local politicians.

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19
Q
  1. The Wickersham Commission ushered in a period where police activity shifted from…
A

Community service to crime control and prevention.

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20
Q
  1. August Vollmer’s protege; introduced a merit system for promotions and other innovations influential in modern policing.
A

O.W. Wilson.

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21
Q
  1. Chief of Police in Berkeley, California from 1902-1932, considered the founder of modern policing.
A

August Vollmer.

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22
Q
  1. During the 1960’s, massive social unrest erupted throughout the U.S., which forced…
A

Police Executives to confront the fact that traditional policing (the professional “command and control” model) was not working well.

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23
Q
  1. He rotated officer’s patrol assignments to reduce the chance for corruption and insisted on higher salaries for officers to help agencies recruit higher-quality candidates.
A

O.W. Wilson.

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24
Q
  1. Initiated the use of the police car as a patrol device and the two-way radio as a means for rapidly answering calls for service.
A

August Vollmer.

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25
Q
  1. Introduced the polygraph as an investigative tool and helped establish college-level courses for police officers.
A

August Vollmer.

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26
Q
  1. Vollmer also promoted the use of other forensic science technologies, such as…
A

Fingerprinting, crime laboratories, and moreover, strongly advocated professionalism in policing.

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27
Q
  1. During the 60s many experts felt certain police alone could not control crime and social unrest stemmed from factors such as:
A

Social inequality, lack of jobs, and the deterioration of the family.

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28
Q
  1. Flexibility and Transition: (1980-Present) Today, they must decide together what policing principles and strategies to incorporate into their mission.
A

Police agency executives.Elected political leaders.Community leaders.Citizens.

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29
Q
  1. In addition to demonstrating greater flexibility with regard to strategy, the police have also entered a time of transition in terms of…
A

How they and others perceive their level of professionalism.

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30
Q
  1. Principles and strategies: To prepare for the future, most agencies across the country mix…
A

Traditional policing with community and problem-oriented policing, some statistical policing, and strategic policing.

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31
Q
  1. The stage was set for adopting new police strategies that emerged as follows:
A

(Community Oriented Policing) (Community Oriented Problem Solving Policing-COPS) (Statistics-Oriented Policing) (Intelligence-Led Policing) (Strategic Policing)

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32
Q
  1. Behavior that can be considered ethical even though ethics itself is not concerned with it.
A

Obeying the law, following certain religious tenets, and conforming to societal standards of behavior.

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33
Q
  1. A person becomes virtuous by…
A

Behaving ethically.

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34
Q
  1. As a general rule ethics refers to…
A

What a person does.

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35
Q
  1. As a general rule, virtue refers to…
A

Who a person is.

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36
Q
  1. courage, generosity
A

virtue

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37
Q
  1. Demonstrating virtues leads to moral behavior, which in turn…
A

Forms the foundation for ethics.

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38
Q
  1. Ethics centers on demonstrating …
A

Behavior that reflects specific virtues.

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39
Q
  1. Ethics itself is not concerned with what?
A

Law, religion, or society.

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40
Q
  1. Ethics, as an aspect of philosophy, originated in…
A

Ancient Greece.

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41
Q
  1. Examples of moral excellence are known as…
A

Specific virtues.

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42
Q
  1. modesty, discretion
A

virtue

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43
Q
  1. More than most professions, policing presents it’s members with…
A

Ethical dilemmas on a daily basis.

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44
Q
  1. People who wish to do the right thing, to be a good person, and get along with others are expressing …
A

The desire to behave in an ethical manner.

45
Q
  1. self-restraint, loyalty
A

virtue

46
Q
  1. Society everywhere require their members to behave in…
A

An ethically acceptable manner.

47
Q
  1. These leaders must demonstrate all these competencies while fulfilling the role of public safety officer.
A

Police leaders

48
Q
  1. This philosopher argued that with the proper knowledge a person will always do good.
A

Socrates.

49
Q
  1. This philosopher proposed that doing good was a habit that must be inculcated at an early age, and once doing good becomes habitual, a person could do nothing but.
A

Aristotle.

50
Q
  1. This philosopher wrote that the highest good comes from loving the truth and doing all things for the sake of the truth.
A

Plato.

51
Q
  1. Philosophical giants who attempted to define and refine ethics were:
A
  1. Socrates.
  2. Plato.
  3. Aristotle.
52
Q
  1. Through interactions with family and society we come to understand the…
A

Difference between good and bad behavior.

53
Q
  1. Virtues include:
A

discretion, , courage, self-restraint, honesty, loyalty, generosity, modesty, and responsibility.

54
Q
  1. We learn to practice ethical behavior during our early years of growth through maturation as we…
A

Interact with family and society.

55
Q
  1. Deciding not to behave ethically or opting out of doing the right thing, this behavior has not commanded the attention of the public in the same way as…
A

Overt acts.

56
Q
  1. Opting out of doing the right thing also contributes to public perception that police officers are (__) and (__).
A

(corrupt) (untrustworthy)

57
Q
  1. Guidelines concerning performance of officer duties, responsibilities, discretion, and use of force
A

Law Enforcement Code of Ethics and Law Enforcement Code of Conduct.

58
Q
  1. It is just as unethical as overtly questionable behavior.
A

Deciding not to behave ethically.

59
Q
  1. All police agency (__) have the power to (__) ethical behavior – becoming (__ __) by example.
A

(personnel) (model) (ethical leaders)

60
Q
  1. Citizen’s trust is an (__ __) for effective police work.
A

(essential ingredient)

61
Q
  1. Essential for all police officers, regardless of rank.
A

Ethical leadership training and development.

62
Q
  1. Just as unethical behavior by one can trigger it in another, ethical behavior can also spread when individuals…
A

model it consistently.

63
Q
  1. Leadership is the art and science of ethically using…
A

Communication, activities, and behaviors to influence, motivate, or mobilize others to action.

64
Q
  1. Loss of trust due to unethical behavior by police agency personnel can also damage…
A

Hard-won perceptions of policing as a profession.

65
Q
  1. Police leadership development programs focus primarily on the promotion of police officers to…
A

mid or upper level management positions.

66
Q
  1. This publication promoted ethics as an essential ingredient for modern policing.
A

1936 publication of August Volmer’s The Police in Modern Society.

67
Q
  1. With the 1936 publication of August Vollmer’s “the police in modern society”, a broad-based interest emerged in the idea that…
A

Police work should be subject to ethical standards.

68
Q
  1. Police leadership development programs focus primarily on the promotion of police officers to…
A

mid or upper level management.

69
Q
  1. Research proves that unethical people who become part of an ethical society or organization soon begin to…
A

Emulate and embrace ethical behavior.

70
Q
  1. Subordinates (__ __) based on what a leader demonstrates.
A

(model behavior)

71
Q
  1. Very few police leadership development programs focus on…
A

Ethical leadership development at all ranks.

72
Q
  1. Public service orientation, common language/vocabulary/system for licensing or credentialing.
A

Characteristics shared by all professions.

73
Q
  1. An association that promotes profession’s standards and interests. (Police have PERF- police executive research forum, and IACP)
A

Characteristics shared by all professions.

74
Q
  1. Occupation/discipline requiring members to adhere to prescribe standards of behavior and competence.
A

Profession.

75
Q
  1. Characteristics of profession:
A

(Recognized body of knowledge profession specific) (Common goals/principles) (Code of ethics/standards of conduct) (public service orientation) (common language) (System for licensing/credentialing) (Association that promotes professional standards and interest)

76
Q
  1. Common goals and principles, and a code of ethics and standards of conduct.
A

Characteristics shared by all professions.

77
Q
  1. Recognized body of knowledge specific to the profession.
A

Characteristic shared by all professions.

78
Q
  1. At various times in the past, experts have characterized police officers as…
A

“Unprofessional professionals” or as an “ambivalent force”.

79
Q
  1. Confusing terms used in the past to characterize police officers reflect the fact that the law gives certain powers to police officers while also…
A

Restricting their actions to preserve personal liberty in our democratic society.

80
Q
  1. To qualify as a member of any profession, including policing, people must gain…
A

knowledge and develop skills relevant to that profession.

81
Q
  1. Any organization can fail without…
A

strong leaders.

82
Q
  1. Every member of every police agency thus has the (__) and (__) to become a leader.
A

(opportunity) (responsibility)

83
Q
  1. Knowing what skills constitute effective leadership is not enough, police personnel no matter what rank they hold, most also have the…
A

courage to put those skills into action.

84
Q
  1. Leadership should begin with the (__ __) of the agency and spread throughout all levels of the organization, including the (__ __ __).
A

(chief executive) (line officer level)

85
Q
  1. (__ __) have the most direct contact with citizens and possess broad (__) powers.
A

(Line officers) (discretionary)

86
Q
  1. Whenever line officers answer a call for service they must function as…
A

Leaders.

87
Q
  1. Whether they wish to be or not, all officers are problem solvers, and problem-solving ability is a…
A

leadership skill

88
Q
  1. Directs subordinates in the completion of tasks towards a specific organizational goal.
A

Managers.

89
Q
  1. Oversees work of subordinates, available to answer questions, provides training for tasks, and account to superiors for subordinates performance.
A

Supervisor.

90
Q
  1. Characteristics: Directs employees.
A

Manager or Supervisor (only characteristic in table shared by both)

91
Q
  1. Influences and motivates, displays integrity, models ethical behavior, creates mission, tenaciously pursues goals, builds relationships, focuses on strategy.
A

Leader.

92
Q
  1. Plans activities, organizes resources, controls cost and quality, and directs employees.
A

Manager.

93
Q
  1. Leaders may supervise and manage, but they also take responsibility for …
A

Influencing and motivating others.

94
Q
  1. Focus on directing and maintaining existing operations.
A

Managers and Supervisors.

95
Q
  1. Guide growth and change in their organization or group with an eye on the future.
A

Leaders.

96
Q
  1. They have a dual responsibility when demonstrating leadership to be role models/authority figures and communicate executive decisions to officers.
A

middle managers/line supervisors.

97
Q
  1. He directs employees, inspects work, evaluates performance, rewards good work, and corrects poor performance.
A

Supervisors.

98
Q
  1. To manage a progressive organization and to plan for the future while also addressing challenges and needs in the present, it takes a (__).
A

(leader)

99
Q
  1. While (__) account for their subordinates performance to superiors, (__) account for subordinate’s actions.
A

(Supervisors) (Leaders)

100
Q
  1. Without the (__) to put skills into action, an officer is just another person in the crowd of (__).
A

(courage) (badges)

101
Q
  1. (_ __) to becoming a leader is wanting to do so.
A

(A key)

102
Q
  1. A police agency’s administrative activities fall into three broad categories:
A
  1. Line Operations.
  2. Administrative Support.
  3. Auxiliary Services.
103
Q
  1. Activities that serve the public and goals of the organization directly fall under (__ __).
A

Line Operations.

104
Q
  1. Activities in this category are not typically outsourced.
A

Administrative Support.

105
Q
  1. Activities that serve agency’s needs and have little direct impact on community.
A

Administrative Support

106
Q
  1. Activities that support line operations.
A

Auxiliary Services

107
Q
  1. Hiring, training, budgeting, and internal affairs.
A

Administrative Support

108
Q
  1. Records maint, property/evidence mgmt, forensic lab, detention, alcohol testing, facilities/equip maint, and coordinating volunteers.
A

Auxiliary Services

109
Q

23.Some of these services can be outsourced.

A

Auxiliary Services

X Final Review Decks (12 decks)

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