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ANAPHY01: Anatomy and Physiology - Seeley's 10th Ed. > CHAPTER 01: The Human Organism > Flashcards

CHAPTER 01: The Human Organism Flashcards

1
Q

● is the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
● means to dissect, or separate the parts of the body for study
● examines the relationship between the structure of a body part and its function

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

● examines the relationship between the structure of a body part and its function
● e.g. Nervous, Skeletal, Reproductive, etc.

A

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

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3
Q

● study of the organization of the body by areas
● e.g. Upper limbs, Trunks, etc.

A

REGIONAL ANATOMY

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4
Q

2 General Ways to Examine Internal Features

A

SURFACE ANATOMY
ANATOMICAL IMAGING

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5
Q

● study of the external features
● e.g. Bony projections, etc.

A

SURFACE ANATOMY

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6
Q

● the use of technologies that create pictures of internal structures
● e.g. X-rays, Ultrasounds, etc

A

ANATOMICAL IMAGING

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7
Q

● is the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things.
● We study physiology to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli
● We study physiology to understand how the body maintains internal conditions to changing environments.

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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8
Q

is the study of a specific organism, the human
Has 2 subdivisions:

A

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
a. Cellular Physiology
b. Systemic Physiology

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9
Q

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY

A

CHEMICAL LEVEL
CELL LEVEL
TISSUE LEVEL
ORGAN LEVEL
ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
ORGANISM LEVEL

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10
Q

● involves how atoms interact and combine into molecules

A

CHEMICAL LEVEL

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11
Q

fundamental units of matter

A

atoms

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12
Q

group of atoms held together by chemical bonds

A

molecules

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13
Q

● involves how organelles combine and form cells

A

CELL LEVEL

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14
Q

small structures of molecules that make up eukaryotic cells

A

organelles

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15
Q

basic structural and functional unit of
organisms

A

cells

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16
Q

● involves how cells group together to form tissues

A

TISSUE LEVEL

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17
Q

group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

A

tissue

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18
Q

● involves how tissues interact and form organs

A

ORGAN LEVEL

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19
Q

composed of two or more tissuetypes that together perform one or more common functions

A

organs

20
Q

group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of function

A

organ system

21
Q

11 ORGAN SYSTEMS

A

Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System

22
Q

● provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.
○ consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous
glands and sweat glands

A

Integumentary System

23
Q

● provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue.
○ consists of bones, associated cartilages,
ligaments, and joints

A

Skeletal System

24
Q

● produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat.
○ consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

A

Muscular System

25
Q

● detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
○ consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves,
and sensory receptors

A

Nervous System

26
Q

● influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions
○ consists of endocrine glands that secrete hormones

A

Endocrine System

27
Q

● transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body
● plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature
○ consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood

A

Cardiovascular System

28
Q

● removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract
○ consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph
nodes, and other lymphatic organs

A

Lymphatic System

29
Q

● exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH
○ consists of the lungs and respiratory
passages

A

Respiratory System

30
Q

● performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
○ consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs

A

Digestive System

31
Q

● removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.
○ consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ureters

A

Urinary System

32
Q

● produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development
● produces milk for the newborn
● produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors
○ consists of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and associated structures

A

Female Reproductive System

33
Q

● produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
○ consists of the testes, accessory structures,
ducts, and penis

A

Male Reproductive System

34
Q

● involves how organ systems become mutually dependent with one another to form one fully-functional organism
○ organism - any living thing considered as a
whole

A

ORGANISM LEVEL

35
Q

● specific relationship of the many individual parts of an organism interacting and working together

A

ORGANIZATION

36
Q

● ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction

A

METABOLISM

37
Q

● ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments that help maintain its life

A

RESPONSIVENESS

38
Q

● an increase in size of all or part of the organism

A

GROWTH

39
Q

● changes an organism undergoes through time

A

DEVELOPMENT

40
Q

● change in cell structure and function from
generalized to specialized

A

DIFFERENTIATION

41
Q

● formation of new cells or new organisms

A

REPRODUCTION

42
Q

existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

A

Homeostasis

43
Q

● mechanisms that maintain biological systems near an average normal or set point
● governed by the nervous system or the endocrine system

A

HOMEOSTATIC MECHANISMS

44
Q

● when any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted

A

NEGATIVE-FEEDBACK MECHANISM

45
Q

3 COMPONENTS OF NEGATIVE-FEEDBACK MECHANISM

A

RECEPTOR
CONTROL CENTER
EFFECTOR

46
Q
A

ANAPHY01: Anatomy and Physiology - Seeley's 10th Ed. (14 decks)

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