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ANAPHY01: Anatomy and Physiology - Seeley's 10th Ed. > CH04 - SUMMARY > Flashcards

CH04 - SUMMARY Flashcards

1
Q

a group of cells with similar structure and function, along with the extracellular substances located between the cells.

A

Tissue

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2
Q

the study of tissues.

A

Histology

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3
Q

covers surfaces; it usually has a basement membrane, little extracellular material, and no blood vessels

A

Epithelial tissue

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4
Q

protecting underlying structures, acting as a barrier, permitting the passage of substances, secreting substances, and absorbing substances.

A

functions of epithelia tissues

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5
Q

Epithelia are classified according to the number of __________ and the ________ of the cells.

A

cell layers and the shape

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6
Q

Simple epithelium has one layer of cells, whereas _______________ has more than one.

A

stratified epithelium

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7
Q

kind of epithelium involved with diffusion, secretion, or absorption.

A

Simple epithelium

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8
Q

kind of epithelium that serves a protective role

A

stratified epithelium

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9
Q

_____________ cells function in diffusion or filtration

A

Squamous

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10
Q

__________ or _____________ cells which contain more organelles, secrete or absorb

A

Cuboidal or columnar

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11
Q

___________ is simple epithelium that appears to have two or more cell layers.

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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12
Q

stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched.

A

Transitional epithelium

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13
Q

______________mechanically bind cells together, and _______________________ mechanically bind cells to the basement membrane.

A

Desmosomes
hemidesmosomes

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14
Q

___________________ bind adjacent cells together and form a permeability barrier.

A

Tight junctions

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15
Q

___________________ allow intercellular communication.

A

Gap junctions

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16
Q

___________ is a single cell or a multicellular structure that secretes.

A

gland

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17
Q

Exocrine glands have ________ and endocrine glands do not.

A

ducts

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18
Q

________________ is distinguished by its extracellular matrix.

A

Connective Tissue

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19
Q

enclose and separate organs and tissues; connect tissues to one another; help support and move body parts; store compounds; cushion and insulate the body; transport substances; and protect against toxins and injury

A

Functions of Connective Tissue

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20
Q

The ______________ results from the activity of specialized connective tissue cells; in general, -blast cells form the matrix, -cyte cells maintain it, and -clast cells break it down.

A

extracellular matrix

21
Q

____________ form protein fibers of many connective tissues, ____________ form bone, and ____________ form cartilage

A

Fibroblasts
osteoblasts
chondroblasts

22
Q

Connective tissue commonly contains , ____________, mast cells, white blood cells, macrophages, and mesenchymal cells (

A

adipocytes

23
Q

The major components of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue are _____________, ______________, and __________

A

protein fibers,
ground substance,
and fluid.

24
Q

_______________ are joined to form collagen fibers. The collagen fibers resemble ropes. They are strong and flexible but resist stretching.

A

Collagen fibrils

25
Q

________________ are fine collagen fibers that form a branching network that supports other cells and tissues.

A

Reticular fibers

26
Q

_______________ have a structure similar to that of a spring. After being stretched, they tend to return to their original shape.

A

Elastic fibers

27
Q

_____________ makes fluids slippery.

A

Hyaluronic acid

28
Q

______________ aggregates trap water, which gives tissues the capacity to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed.

A

Proteoglycan

29
Q

______________ hold proteoglycans together and to plasma membranes.

A

Adhesive molecules

30
Q

________ connective tissue is the “packing material” of the body; it fills the spaces between organs and holds them in place.

A

Areolar

31
Q

_______________or fat, stores energy. Adipose tissue also pads and protects parts of the body and acts as a thermal insulator.

A

Adipose tissue

32
Q

Reticular tissue forms a framework for lymphatic structures.

A

Reticular tissue

33
Q

___________ provides support and is found in structures such as the disks between the vertebrae, the external ear, and the costal cartilages

A

Cartilage

34
Q

__________has a mineralized matrix and forms most of the skeleton of the body.

A

Bone

35
Q

___________ has a liquid matrix and is found in blood vessels.

A

Blood

36
Q

_______________ is specialized to shorten, or contract.

A

Muscle tissue

37
Q

The three types of muscle tissue _________, _________, and ______________

A

skeletal,
cardiac,
and smooth muscle.

38
Q

____________ is specialized to conduct action potentials (electrical signals).

A

Nervous tissue

39
Q

____________ line cavities that open to the outside of the body (digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts). They contain glands and secrete mucus.

A

Mucous Membranes

40
Q

_______________ line trunk cavities that do not open to the outside of the body (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities). They do not contain mucous glands but do secrete serous fluid.

A

Serous membranes

41
Q

____________ line joint cavities and secrete a lubricating fluid.

A

Synovial membranes

42
Q

____________produces redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbance of function. isolates and destroys harmful agents. Isolates and destroys harmful agents.

A

Inflammation

43
Q

_________ inflammation results when the agent causing injury is not removed or something else interferes with the healing process.

A

Chronic

44
Q

____________ is the substitution of viable cells for dead cells by regeneration or fibrosis

A

Tissue Repair

45
Q

In _____________, stem cells, which can divide throughout life, and other dividing cells regenerate new cells of the same type as those that were destroyed

A

regeneration

46
Q

In ________, the destroyed cells are replaced by different cell types, which causes scar formation.

A

fibrosis

47
Q

Cells divide more __________ as people age. Injuries heal more __________.

A

slowly

48
Q

Extracellular matrix containing collagen and elastic fibers becomes ___________ and ______________ . Consequently, skin wrinkles, elasticity in arteries is reduced, and bones break more easily.

A

less flexible and less elastic

ANAPHY01: Anatomy and Physiology - Seeley's 10th Ed. (14 decks)

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