chap2: movement of substances

Question 1

what is diffusion

Answer 1

diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher to lower concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 2

what a factors affecting rate of diffusion

Answer 2

diffusion distance: shorter diffusion distance = faster rate of diffusion
concentration gradient: steeper concentration gradient = faster rate of diffusion
surface area to volume ratio: greater surface area to volume ratio = faster rate of diffusion

Question 3

what is osmosis

Answer 3

osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher to lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane down a concentration gradient

Question 4

what are factors affecting rate of osmosis

Answer 4

distance water molecules must move: shorter distance = faster rate of osmosis
water potential concentration: steeper water potential gradient = faster rate of osmosis
surface area to volume ratio: greater surface area to volume ratio = faster rate of osmosis

Question 5

what happens when a PLANT cell is placed in a solution of higher water potential

Answer 5

the vacuole increases in size and pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall. the cell wall keeps the cell from bursting but the cell will swell and become turgid.

Question 6

what happens when a ANIMAL cell is placed in a solution of higher water potential

Answer 6

the animal cell will swell and may even burst as it does not have a cell wall like the plant cell to protect it

Question 7

what happens when a ANIMAL cell is placed in a solution of higher water potential

Answer 7

the animal cell will swell and may even burst as it does not have a cell wall like the plant cell to protect it

Question 8

what happens when a PLANT cell is placed in a solution of lower water potential

Answer 8

the plant cell is decreases in size and becomes flaccid/limp. the shrinkage of cytoplasm away from the cell wall is plasmolysis.

Question 9

what happens when an ANIMAL cell gets placed in a solution with lower water potential

Question 10

what happens when an ANIMAL cell gets placed in a solution with lower water potential

Answer 10

the animal cell will shrink and become cremated

Question 11

what is active transport

Answer 11

active transport is the process that energy is used to move particles across a partially permeable membrane from a region of lower to higher concentration across a concentration gradient